research-article

Open access

Rebalancing Worker Initiative and AI Initiative in Future Work: Four Task Dimensions

Authors:

David Piorkowski,

Michael Muller,

Kristina Brimijoin,

Stephanie Houde,

Justin WeiszAuthors Info & Claims

CHIWORK '23: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work

Article No.: 3, Pages 1 - 16

https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572

Published: 20 September 2023 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

Organizations have recently begun to deploy conversational task assistants that collaborate with knowledge workers to partially automate their work tasks. These assistants evolved out of business robotic process automation (RPA) tools and are becoming more intelligent: users can initiate task sequences through natural language, and the system can orchestrate those tasks if they have not previously been defined. As these tools become more automated, system designers tend to optimize overall process efficiency, but at the cost of shifting agency away from workers. Particularly in high stakes work environments, this shift raises questions of how to re-delegate agency such that workers feel sufficiently in control of automated tasks. We explored this through two studies comprised of interviews and co-design activities with knowledge workers and identified four task dimensions along which their automation and interaction preferences vary: process consequence, social consequence, task familiarity, and task complexity. These dimensions are useful for understanding when, why, and how to delegate agency between workers and conversational task assistants.

References

[1]

Pierre A Akiki, Arosha K Bandara, and Yijun Yu. 2014. Integrating adaptive user interface capabilities in enterprise applications. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering. 712–723.

[2]

Aggeliki Androutsopoulou, Nikos Karacapilidis, Euripidis Loukis, and Yannis Charalabidis. 2019. Transforming the communication between citizens and government through AI-guided chatbots. Government information quarterly 36, 2 (2019), 358–367.

[3]

Wasique Ali Ansari, Paritosh Diya, Sahishnu Patil, and Sunita Patil. 2019. A review on robotic process automation-the future of business organizations. In 2nd International Conference on Advances in Science & Technology (ICAST).

[4]

Maryam Ashoori and Justin D Weisz. 2019. In AI we trust? Factors that influence trustworthiness of AI-infused decision-making processes. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.02675 (2019).

[5]

Jakob Bardram, Jonathan Bunde-Pedersen, and Mads Soegaard. 2006. Support for activity-based computing in a personal computing operating system. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems. 211–220.

[6]

Jakob E Bardram. 2009. Activity-based computing for medical work in hospitals. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 16, 2 (2009), 1–36.

[7]

Deborah Barreau and Bonnie A Nardi. 1995. Finding and reminding: file organization from the desktop. ACM SigChi Bulletin 27, 3 (1995), 39–43.

[8]

LS Baumann and RD Coop. 1980. Automated workflow control: A key to office productivity. In Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference. 549–554.

[9]

Victoria Bellotti, Brinda Dalal, Nathaniel Good, Peter Flynn, Daniel G Bobrow, and Nicolas Ducheneaut. 2004. What a to-do: studies of task management towards the design of a personal task list manager. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 735–742.

[10]

Victoria Bellotti, Nicolas Ducheneaut, Mark Howard, and Ian Smith. 2002. Taskmaster: recasting email as task management. PARC, CSCW 2 (2002).

[11]

Victoria Bellotti, Nicolas Ducheneaut, Mark Howard, and Ian Smith. 2003. Taking email to task: the design and evaluation of a task management centered email tool. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 345–352.

[12]

Victoria Bellotti, Nicolas Ducheneaut, Mark Howard, Ian Smith, and Rebecca E Grinter. 2005. Quality versus quantity: E-mail-centric task management and its relation with overload. Human–Computer Interaction 20, 1-2 (2005), 89–138.

[13]

Susanne Bødker and Morten Kyng. 2018. Participatory design that matters—Facing the big issues. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 25, 1 (2018), 1–31.

[14]

David Bogen. 1994. Do Winograd and Flores have politics?Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 3, 1 (1994), 79–83.

[15]

Claus Bossen, Christian Dindler, and Ole Sejer Iversen. 2016. Evaluation in participatory design: a literature survey. In Proceedings of the 14th Participatory Design Conference: Full papers-Volume 1. 151–160.

[16]

Clint Boulton. 2018. What is RPA? A revolution in business process automation. https://www.cio.com/article/3236451/what-is-rpa-robotic-process-automation-explained.html. [Online; accessed 11-Jun-2020].

[17]

Steen Brahe and Kjeld Schmidt. 2007. The story of a working workflow management system. In Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work. 249–258.

[18]

Oliver Brdiczka. 2010. From documents to tasks: deriving user tasks from document usage patterns. In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces. 285–288.

[19]

Oliver Brdiczka, Norman Makoto Su, and James Bo Begole. 2010. Temporal task footprinting: identifying routine tasks by their temporal patterns. In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces. 281–284.

[20]

Tathagata Chakraborti, Shubham Agarwal, Yasaman Khazaeni, Yara Rizk, and Vatche Isahagian. 2020. D3BA: a tool for optimizing business processes using non-deterministic planning. In International Conference on Business Process Management. Springer, 181–193.

[21]

Tathagata Chakraborti, Vatche Isahagian, Rania Khalaf, Yasaman Khazaeni, Vinod Muthusamy, Yara Rizk, and Merve Unuvar. 2020. From Robotic Process Automation to Intelligent Process Automation. In International Conference on Business Process Management. Springer, 215–228.

[22]

Dimitra Chasanidou, Brian Elvesæter, and Arne-Jørgen Berre. 2016. Enabling team collaboration with task management tools. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Open Collaboration. 1–9.

[23]

Juliet M Corbin and Anselm L Strauss. 1993. The articulation of work through interaction. The sociological quarterly 34, 1 (1993), 71–83.

[24]

Justin Cranshaw, Emad Elwany, Todd Newman, Rafal Kocielnik, Bowen Yu, Sandeep Soni, Jaime Teevan, and Andrés Monroy-Hernández. 2017. Calendar. help: Designing a workflow-based scheduling agent with humans in the loop. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2382–2393.

[25]

Mary Czerwinski, Eric Horvitz, and Susan Wilhite. 2004. A diary study of task switching and interruptions. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 175–182.

[26]

Richard L Daft and Robert H Lengel. 1986. Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management science 32, 5 (1986), 554–571.

[27]

Peng Dai, Daniel Sabey Weld, 2010. Decision-theoretic control of crowd-sourced workflows. In Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[28]

Ben Dattner, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Richard Buchband, and Lucinda Schettler. 2019. The Legal and Ethical Implications of Using AI in Hiring. Harvard Business Review (25 April 2019). Retrieved 07-Sep-2021 from https://hbr.org/2019/04/the-legal-and-ethical-implications-of-using-ai-in-hiring

[29]

M Gatti de Bayser, Claudio Pinhanez, Heloisa Candello, MA Vasconcelos, M Pichiliani, M Alberio Guerra, Paulo Cavalin, and Renan Souza. 2018. Ravel: a mas orchestration platform for human-chatbots conversations. In The 6th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (EMAS@ AAMAS 2018), Stockholm, Sweden.

[30]

Sebastian Deterding, Jonathan Hook, Rebecca Fiebrink, Marco Gillies, Jeremy Gow, Memo Akten, Gillian Smith, Antonios Liapis, and Kate Compton. 2017. Mixed-initiative creative interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 628–635.

[31]

Virginia Dignum. 2017. Responsible autonomy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.02513 (2017).

[32]

Paul Dourish. 2001. Process descriptions as organisational accounting devices: the dual use of workflow technologies. In Proceedings of the 2001 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work. 52–60.

[33]

Jaimie Drozdal, Justin Weisz, Dakuo Wang, Gaurav Dass, Bingsheng Yao, Changruo Zhao, Michael Muller, Lin Ju, and Hui Su. 2020. Trust in AutoML: exploring information needs for establishing trust in automated machine learning systems. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 297–307.

[34]

Nicolas Ducheneaut and Victoria Bellotti. 2001. E-mail as habitat: an exploration of embedded personal information management. interactions 8, 5 (2001), 30–38.

[35]

Thomas Erickson, Christine Halverson, Wendy A Kellogg, Mark Laff, and Tracee Wolf. 2002. Social translucence: designing social infrastructures that make collective activity visible. Commun. ACM 45, 4 (2002), 40–44.

[36]

Kshitij Fadnis, Pankaj Dhoolia, Li Zhu, Q Vera Liao, Steven Ross, Nathaniel Mills, Sachindra Joshi, and Luis Lastras. 2021. Doc2Bot: Document grounded Bot Framework. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 35. 16026–16028.

[37]

Vivienne Farrell, Graham Farrell, Kon Mouzakis, Chris Pilgrim, and Pauline Byrt. 2006. PICTIOL: a case study in participatory design. In Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments. 191–198.

[38]

Ethan Fast, Binbin Chen, Julia Mendelsohn, Jonathan Bassen, and Michael S Bernstein. 2018. Iris: A conversational agent for complex tasks. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–12.

[39]

Paul M Fitts, MS Viteles, NL Barr, DR Brimhall, Glen Finch, Eric Gardner, WF Grether, WE Kellum, and SS Stevens. 1951. Human engineering for an effective air-navigation and traffic-control system, and appendixes 1 thru 3. Technical Report. Ohio State Univ Research Foundation Columbus.

[40]

Asbjørn Følstad, Cecilie Bertinussen Nordheim, and Cato Alexander Bjørkli. 2018. What makes users trust a chatbot for customer service? An exploratory interview study. In International conference on internet science. Springer, 194–208.

[41]

David Gefen. 2000. E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega 28, 6 (2000), 725–737.

[42]

Werner Geyer, Michael J Muller, Martin Thomas Moore, Eric Wilcox, L-T Cheng, Beth Brownholtz, Charles Hill, and David R Millen. 2006. Activity Explorer: Activity-centric collaboration from research to product. IBM Systems Journal 45, 4 (2006), 713–738.

[43]

Yolanda Gil, Varun Ratnakar, Timothy Chklovski, Paul Groth, and Denny Vrandecic. 2012. Capturing common knowledge about tasks: Intelligent assistance for to-do lists. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) 2, 3 (2012), 1–35.

[44]

Erving Goffman 1959/2002. The presentation of self in everyday life. 1959. Garden City, NY 259 (1959/2002).

[45]

Victor M González and Gloria Mark. 2004. " Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness" managing multiple working spheres. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 113–120.

[46]

Shinsuke Goto, Toru Ishida, and Donghui Lin. 2016. Understanding crowdsourcing workflow: modeling and optimizing iterative and parallel processes. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing, Vol. 4.

[47]

Imke Grabe, Miguel González-Duque, Sebastian Risi, and Jichen Zhu. 2022. Towards a Framework for Human-AI Interaction Patterns in Co-Creative GAN Applications. HAIGEN 2022: 3rd Workshop on Human-AI Co-Creation with Generative Models (2022).

[48]

Jones Granatyr, Nardine Osman, João Dias, Maria Augusta Silveira Netto Nunes, Judith Masthoff, Fabrício Enembreck, Otto Robert Lessing, Carles Sierra, Ana Maria Paiva, and Edson Emílio Scalabrin. 2017. The need for affective trust applied to trust and reputation models. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 4 (2017), 1–36.

[49]

Jonathan Grudin and Richard Jacques. 2019. Chatbots, humbots, and the quest for artificial general intelligence. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–11.

[50]

Jacek Gwizdka. 2000. Timely reminders: a case study of temporal guidance in PIM and email tools usage. In Chi’00 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems. 163–164.

[51]

Jacek Gwizdka. 2002. Email Land–An Exploration of Email User Interfaces Supporting Pending Tasks. In Conference Companion of UIST 2002. Citeseer, 9–10.

[52]

Jacek Gwizdka and Mark Chignell. 2007. 12. Individual Differences. Personal information management (2007), 206.

[53]

Karen Hao. 2019. AI is sending people to jail – and getting it wrong. MIT Technology Review (21 January 2019). Retrieved 07-Sep-2021 from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612775/algorithms- criminal-justice-ai/

[54]

Mona Haraty, Joanna McGrenere, and Charlotte Tang. 2016. How personal task management differs across individuals. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 88 (2016), 13–37.

[55]

Mona Haraty, Diane Tam, Shathel Haddad, Joanna McGrenere, and Charlotte Tang. 2012. Individual differences in personal task management: a field study in an academic setting. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012. 35–44.

[56]

Nanna Holdgaard and Signe Louise Yndigegn. 2018. Participatory design negotiations in project funding regimes. In Proceedings of the 15th Participatory Design Conference: Short Papers, Situated Actions, Workshops and Tutorial-Volume 2. 1–5.

[57]

Eric Horvitz. 1999. Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 159–166.

[58]

Amanda L Hughes, Lise AA St. Denis, Leysia Palen, and Kenneth M Anderson. 2014. Online public communications by police & fire services during the 2012 Hurricane Sandy. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1505–1514.

[59]

Richard Jacques, Asbjørn Følstad, Elizabeth Gerber, Jonathan Grudin, Ewa Luger, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, and Dakuo Wang. 2019. Conversational agents: Acting on the wave of research and development. In Extended abstracts of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1–8.

[60]

Amirrudin Kamsin, Ann Blandford, and Anna L Cox. 2012. Personal task management: my tools fall apart when I’m very busy! In CHI’12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1369–1374.

[61]

Jihie Kim, Marc Spraragen, and Yolanda Gil. 2004. An intelligent assistant for interactive workflow composition. In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces. 125–131.

[62]

Diana Kusunoki, Aleksandra Sarcevic, Zhan Zhang, and Maria Yala. 2015. Sketching awareness: A participatory study to elicit designs for supporting ad hoc emergency medical teamwork. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 24, 1 (2015), 1–38.

[63]

Sang-su Lee, Jaemyung Lee, and Kun-pyo Lee. 2017. Designing intelligent assistant through user participations. In Proceedings of the 2017 conference on designing interactive systems. 173–177.

[64]

Xi Yu Leung and Han Wen. 2020. Chatbot usage in restaurant takeout orders: A comparison study of three ordering methods. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 45 (2020), 377–386.

[65]

Ewa Luger and Abigail Sellen. 2016. " Like Having a Really Bad PA" The Gulf between User Expectation and Experience of Conversational Agents. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 5286–5297.

[66]

Faisal Luqman and Martin Griss. 2010. Overseer: a mobile context-aware collaboration and task management system for disaster response. In 2010 Eighth International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing. IEEE, 76–82.

[67]

Somayya Madakam, Rajesh M Holmukhe, and Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal. 2019. The future digital work force: robotic process automation (RPA). JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management 16 (2019).

[68]

James Manyika, Susan Lund, Michael Chui, Jacques Bughin, Jonathan Woetzel, Parul Batra, Ryan Ko, and Saurabh Sanghvi. 2017. Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation. McKinsey Global Institute 150 (2017).

[69]

D Harrison McKnight, Larry L Cummings, and Norman L Chervany. 1998. Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. Academy of Management review 23, 3 (1998), 473–490.

[70]

Namita Mhatre, Karan Motani, Maitri Shah, and Swati Mali. 2016. Donna interactive chat-bot acting as a personal assistant. International Journal of Computer Applications 140, 10 (2016).

[71]

Felix Michel, Yolanda Gil, Varun Ratnakar, and Matheus Hauder. 2015. A task-centered interface for on-line collaboration in science. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Companion. 45–48.

[72]

Robert J. Moore and Raphael Arar. 2019. Conversational UX Design: A Practitioner’s Guide to the Natural Conversation Framework. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.

[73]

Thomas P Moran, Alex Cozzi, and Stephen P Farrell. 2005. Unified activity management: supporting people in e-business. Commun. ACM 48, 12 (2005), 67–70.

[74]

Michael Muller, Plamen Agelov, Hal Daume, Q Vera Liao, Nuria Oliver, David Piorkowski, 2022. HCAI@ NeurIPS 2022, Human Centered AI. In Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.

[75]

Michael Muller, Casey Dugan, Michael Brenndoerfer, Megan Monroe, and Werner Geyer. 2017. What did I ask you to do, by when, and for whom? Passion and compassion in request management. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. 1009–1023.

[76]

Michael Muller, Kate Ehrlich, Tara Matthews, Adam Perer, Inbal Ronen, and Ido Guy. 2012. Diversity among enterprise online communities: collaborating, teaming, and innovating through social media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2815–2824.

[77]

Michael Muller and Justin Weisz. 2022. Frameworks for Collaborating Humans and AIs: Sequence and Sociality in Organizational Applications. In CHIWORK.

[78]

Michael Muller, Justin D Weisz, and Werner Geyer. 2020. Mixed Initiative Generative AI Interfaces: An Analytic Framework for Generative AI Applications. Retrieved 13-Jul-2021 from https://computationalcreativity.net/workshops/cocreative-iccc20/papers/Future_of_co-creative_systems_185.pdf

[79]

Michael J Muller. 2001. Layered participatory analysis: New developments in the CARD technique. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 90–97.

[80]

Michael J Muller and Allison Druin. 2012. Participatory design: The third space in human–computer interaction. In The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook. CRC Press, 1125–1153.

[81]

Michael J Muller, Werner Geyer, Beth Brownholtz, Eric Wilcox, and David R Millen. 2004. One-hundred days in an activity-centric collaboration environment based on shared objects. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 375–382.

[82]

Michael J Muller and Daniel M Gruen. 2005. Working together inside an emailbox. In ECSCW 2005. Springer, 103–122.

[83]

Michael J Muller and Sarah Kuhn. 1993. Participatory design. Commun. ACM 36, 6 (1993), 24–28.

[84]

Michael J Muller, Daniel M Wildman, and Ellen A White. 1992. Taxonomy of participatory design practices: a participatory poster. In Posters and short talks of the 1992 SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 34–34.

[85]

John Murawski. 2019. Mortgage Providers Look to AI to Process Home Loans Faster. Wall Street Journal (18 March 2019). Retrieved 07-Sep-2021 from https://www.wsj.com/articles/mortgage-providers-look-to-ai-to-process-home-loans-faster-11552899212

[86]

Mahsan Nourani, Chiradeep Roy, Jeremy E Block, Donald R Honeycutt, Tahrima Rahman, Eric Ragan, and Vibhav Gogate. 2021. Anchoring Bias Affects Mental Model Formation and User Reliance in Explainable AI Systems. In 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 340–350.

[87]

Mohammad Nuruzzaman and Omar Khadeer Hussain. 2018. A survey on chatbot implementation in customer service industry through deep neural networks. In 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE). IEEE, 54–61.

[88]

Leysia Palen, Sarah Vieweg, Jeannette Sutton, Sophia B Liu, and Amanda Hughes. 2007. Crisis informatics: Studying crisis in a networked world. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on E-Social Science. 7–9.

[89]

DJ Pangburn. 2019. Schools are using software to help pick who gets in. What could go wrong?Fast Company (17 May 2019). Retrieved 07-Sep-2021 from https://www.fastcompany.com/90342596/schools-are-quietly- turning-to-ai-to-help-pick-who-gets-in-what-could-go-wrong

[90]

Raja Parasuraman, Thomas B Sheridan, and Christopher D Wickens. 2000. A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans 30, 3 (2000), 286–297.

[91]

Yara Rizk, Abhishek Bhandwalder, Scott Boag, Tathagata Chakraborti, Vatche Isahagian, Yasaman Khazaeni, Falk Pollock, and Merve Unuvar. 2020. A unified conversational assistant framework for business process automation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.03543 (2020).

[92]

Tariq Samad, Paul McLaughlin, and Joseph Lu. 2007. System architecture for process automation: Review and trends. Journal of Process Control 17, 3 (2007), 191–201.

[93]

James Schaffer, John O’Donovan, James Michaelis, Adrienne Raglin, and Tobias Höllerer. 2019. I can do better than your AI: expertise and explanations. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 240–251.

[94]

Kjeld Schmidt. 2008. Taking CSCW Seriously: Supporting Articulation Work (1992). In Cooperative Work and Coordinative Practices. Springer, 45–71.

[95]

Alexander Seeliger, Benedikt Schmidt, Immanuel Schweizer, and Max Mühlhäuser. 2016. What Belongs Together Comes Together: Activity-centric Document Clustering for Information Work. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 60–70.

[96]

Shilad Sen, Werner Geyer, Michael Muller, Marty Moore, Beth Brownholtz, Eric Wilcox, and David R Millen. 2006. FeedMe: a collaborative alert filtering system. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work. 89–98.

[97]

Thomas B Sheridan and William L Verplank. 1978. Human and computer control of undersea teleoperators. Technical Report. Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge Man-Machine Systems Lab.

[98]

Ben Shneiderman. 2020. Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 36, 6 (2020), 495–504.

[99]

Ben Shneiderman. 2022. Human-Centered AI. Oxford University Press.

[100]

Keng Siau and Weiyu Wang. 2018. Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. Cutter business technology journal 31, 2 (2018), 47–53.

[101]

Nikash Singh, Martin Tomitsch, and Mary Lou Maher. 2013. A time and place for preparatory methods in email. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM SIGCHI_NZ conference on Computer-Human Interaction. 1–8.

[102]

Angie Spoto and Natalia Oleynik. 2017. Library of Mixed-Initiative Creative Interfaces. Retrieved 19-Jun-2021 from http://mici.codingconduct.cc/

[103]

Sarath Sreedharan, Tathagata Chakraborti, Yara Rizk, and Yasaman Khazaeni. 2020. Explainable Composition of Aggregated Assistants. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.10707 (2020).

[104]

Susan Leigh Star and Anselm Strauss. 1999. Layers of silence, arenas of voice: The ecology of visible and invisible work. Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) 8, 1 (1999), 9–30.

[105]

Brian Still and John Morris. 2010. The blank-page technique: Reinvigorating paper prototyping in usability testing. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 53, 2 (2010), 144–157.

[106]

Lucy Suchman. 1993. Do categories have politics? The language/action perspective reconsidered. In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 13–17 September 1993, Milan, Italy ECSCW’93. Springer, 1–14.

[107]

Gareth Terry, Nikki Hayfield, Victoria Clarke, and Virginia Braun. 2017. Thematic analysis. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology 2 (2017), 17–37.

[108]

Sian Townson. 2020. AI Can Make Bank Loans More Fair. Harvard Business Review (6 November 2020). Retrieved 07-Sept-2021 from https://hbr.org/2020/11/ai-can-make-bank-loans-more-fair

[109]

Johanne R Trippas, Damiano Spina, Falk Scholer, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Peter Bailey, Paul N Bennett, Ryen W White, Jonathan Liono, Yongli Ren, Flora D Salim, 2019. Learning about work tasks to inform intelligent assistant design. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. 5–14.

[110]

Lav R Varshney. 2020. Respect for Human Autonomy in Recommender Systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.02603 (2020).

[111]

Dakuo Wang, Justin D Weisz, Michael Muller, Parikshit Ram, Werner Geyer, Casey Dugan, Yla Tausczik, Horst Samulowitz, and Alexander Gray. 2019. Human-AI collaboration in data science: Exploring data scientists’ perceptions of automated AI. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1–24.

[112]

Jonas Wanner, Lukas-Valentin Herm, Kai Heinrich, Christian Janiesch, and Patrick Zschech. 2020. White, Grey, Black: Effects of XAI Augmentation on the Confidence in AI-based Decision Support Systems. In ICIS.

[113]

Justin D Weisz, Michael Muller, Stephanie Houde, John Richards, Steven I Ross, Fernando Martinez, Mayank Agarwal, and Kartik Talamadupula. 2021. Perfection Not Required? Human-AI Partnerships in Code Translation. In 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 402–412.

[114]

Steve Whittaker. 2005. Supporting collaborative task management in e-mail. Human–Computer Interaction 20, 1-2 (2005), 49–88.

[115]

Steve Whittaker, Victoria Bellotti, and Jacek Gwizdka. 2006. Email in personal information management. Commun. ACM 49, 1 (2006), 68–73.

[116]

Steve Whittaker, Victoria Bellotti, and Jacek Gwizdka. 2007. Email and PIM: Problems and possibilities. Commun. ACM (2007).

[117]

Wikipedia contributors. 2021. Robotic process automation — Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robotic_process_automation&oldid=1041208310. [Online; accessed 7-September-2021].

[118]

Anbang Xu, Zhe Liu, Yufan Guo, Vibha Sinha, and Rama Akkiraju. 2017. A new chatbot for customer service on social media. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 3506–3510.

[119]

Ping Zhang and U Yeliz Eseryel. 2005. Task in HCI research in the management information systems (MIS) literature: A critical survey. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Citeseer.

Cited By

He JHoude SGonzalez GSilva Moran DRoss SMuller MWeisz J(2024)AI and the Future of Collaborative Work: Group Ideation with an LLM in a Virtual CanvasProceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work10.1145/3663384.3663398(1-14)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3663384.3663398
Bialkova SBialkova S(2024)AI Transforming Business and Everyday LifeThe Rise of AI User Applications10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_9(143-165)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_9
Bialkova SBialkova S(2024)AI Connecting Business and ConsumersThe Rise of AI User Applications10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_8(129-142)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_8

Index Terms

Rebalancing Worker Initiative and AI Initiative in Future Work: Four Task Dimensions
1. Applied computing
  1. Enterprise computing
    1. Business process management
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI theory, concepts and models
    2. Interaction paradigms
      1. Collaborative interaction
      2. Natural language interfaces
  2. Interaction design
    1. Interaction design process and methods
      1. Participatory design

Recommendations

Natural Language, Mixed-initiative Personal Assistant Agents
IMCOM '18: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication

The increasing popularity and use of personal voice assistant technologies, such as Siri and Google Now, is driving and expanding progress toward the long-term and lofty goal of using artificial intelligence to build human-computer dialog systems ...
Initiative conflicts in task-oriented dialogue

An initiative conflict is an overlap of speech in which both conversants try to steer the conversation in different directions. In this paper, we investigate how conversants in human-human dialogue deal with such conflicts. First, in investigating why ...
Mixed-initiative Personal Assistants
SIGCSE '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

Specification and implementation of flexible human-computer dialogs is challenging because of the complexity involved in rendering the dialog responsive to a vast number of varied paths through which users might desire to complete the dialog. To address ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

CHIWORK '23: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work

June 2023

164 pages

ISBN:9798400708077

DOI:10.1145/3596671

Copyright © 2023 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 20 September 2023

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

CHIWORK 2023

CHIWORK 2023: Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work 2023

June 13 - 16, 2023

Oldenburg, Germany

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

3
Total Citations
View Citations
721
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)674
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)157

Reflects downloads up to 25 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

He JHoude SGonzalez GSilva Moran DRoss SMuller MWeisz J(2024)AI and the Future of Collaborative Work: Group Ideation with an LLM in a Virtual CanvasProceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work10.1145/3663384.3663398(1-14)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3663384.3663398
Bialkova SBialkova S(2024)AI Transforming Business and Everyday LifeThe Rise of AI User Applications10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_9(143-165)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_9
Bialkova SBialkova S(2024)AI Connecting Business and ConsumersThe Rise of AI User Applications10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_8(129-142)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56471-0_8

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents