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How to Color a French Flag: Biologically Inspired Algorithms for Scale-Invariant Patterning

Published: 05 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

In the French flag problem, initially uncolored cells on a grid must differentiate to become blue, white or red. The goal is for the cells to color the grid as a French flag, i.e., a three-colored triband, in a distributed manner. To solve a generalized version of the problem in a distributed computational setting, we consider two models: a biologically-inspired version that relies on morphogens (diffusing proteins acting as chemical signals) and a more abstract version based on reliable message passing between cellular agents.
Much of developmental biology research focuses on concentration-based approaches, since morphogen gradients are an underlying mechanism in tissue patterning. We show that both model types easily achieve a French ribbon - a French flag in the 1D case. However, extending the ribbon to the 2D flag in the concentration model is somewhat difficult unless each agent has additional positional information. Assuming that cells are identical, it is impossible to achieve a French flag or even a close approximation. In contrast, using a message-based approach in the 2D case only requires assuming that agents can be represented as logarithmic or constant size state machines.
We hope that our insights may lay some groundwork for what kind of message passing abstractions or guarantees, if any, may be useful in analogy to cells communicating at long and short distances to solve patterning problems. We also hope our models and findings may be of interest in the design of nano-robots.

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Cited By

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  • (2024)Non-negotiating Distributed ComputingStructural Information and Communication Complexity10.1007/978-3-031-60603-8_12(208-225)Online publication date: 27-May-2024

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          cover image Guide Proceedings
          LATIN 2020: Theoretical Informatics: 14th Latin American Symposium, São Paulo, Brazil, January 5-8, 2021, Proceedings
          Jan 2021
          652 pages
          ISBN:978-3-030-61791-2
          DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-61792-9

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          Springer-Verlag

          Berlin, Heidelberg

          Publication History

          Published: 05 January 2021

          Author Tags

          1. Distributed computing
          2. French flag
          3. Biologically inspired algorithms

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          • (2024)Non-negotiating Distributed ComputingStructural Information and Communication Complexity10.1007/978-3-031-60603-8_12(208-225)Online publication date: 27-May-2024

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