Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in the world, which is a complex process depending on a set of factors, such as topography of the river basin, rainfall, soil characteristics, and landscape pattern. The relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process is an important research project in landscape ecology. The impact of landscape pattern changes on soil erosion remains a major issue in ecosystem service. Therefore, research on soil erosion in Han River Basin is of great significance for ensuring the development of regional economic. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of landscape pattern changes on soil erosion through Chinese soil loss equation and stepwise regression method, based on the land use data and environmental meteorological data from 2000 to 2015. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2015, the amount of soil erosion in Han River Basin presents downward trend. The high-value areas are distributed in the middle areas of the watershed, which is grass land. And the low-value areas are located in the east and west of the watershed, with the land type of forest and arable. In addition, slope is an important factor which affects the amount of soil erosion. As the slope increases, soil erosion shows an inverted U-shaped trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The amount of soil erosion is different for each grade under different slopes, and the maximum value appears in the slope range of 10-30 °. (2) At landscape level, the degree of landscape fragmentation in Han River Basin increased during the study period, the shape of patches became simpler, the connectivity of each patch enhanced, and the spatial distribution of landscape types was distributed evenly. At the class level, the area of forest land and cultivated land were decreased, and the other land types were increased. The forest land is the dominant land type in Han River Basin, and the patch shape of forest land is relatively simple and stable. The landscape patch shapes of grassland and arable land are more complex than others, with landscape is more shattered. However, the overall landscape distribution in the region is even and stable. (3) The soil erosion in Han River Basin was positively correlated with patch density and average contiguity index, and negatively correlation with contagion index and Shannon's evenness index. The results show that the higher landscape fragmentation and the worse connectivity between patches, the easier erosion of soil. On the contrary, the higher landscape connectivity between patches and the richer of landscape diversity, the more difficult erosion of soil. Furthermore, rainfall changes have an important role in soil erosion, and rainfall erosivity is not only consistent with the soil erosion in spatial distribution, but also consistent with temporal trend of that. In conclusion, this study indicates that the change of landscape pattern has a significant impact on soil erosion, and the results can provide a reference for watershed-scale landscape management and soil-water conservation.