Component-Based Groupware Development Based on the 3C Collaboration Model
Resumo
Groupware é evolucionário e possui dificuldades específicas de desenvolvimento e manutenção. Seu código normalmente se torna desestruturado e difícil de evoluir. Neste artigo, é proposta uma abordagem de desenvolvimento de groupware baseado em componentes organizados em função do modelo 3C de colaboração. Neste modelo, a colaboração é analisada a partir da comunicação, coordenação e cooperação. Os requisitos de colaboração do grupo, analisados em função do modelo 3C, são mapeados em componentes de software, também organizados em função do modelo. A abordagem proposta é investigada num estudo de caso no desenvolvimento da nova versão do ambiente AulaNet. O código do ambiente atualmente sofre dos problemas mencionados. Para instanciar os serviços de comunicação do AulaNet, kits de componentes foram desenvolvidos. Os componentes possibilitam a composição e customização dos serviços para refletir mudanças na dinâmica da colaboração.Referências
Banavar, G., Doddapaneti, S., Miller, K. & Mukherjee, B. (1998) Rapidly Building Synchronous Collaborative Applications by Direct Manipulation. In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW’98), pp. 139-148.
Bandinelli, S., Nitto, E.D. & Fuggetta, A. (1996) “Supporting cooperation in the SPADE-1 Environment”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, V 22, N 12, pp. 841-865
Borghoff, U.M. & Schlichter, J.H. (2000) Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Introduction to Distributed Applications. Springer, USA.
Bretain, I., Fredin, L., Frost, W., Hedman, L.R., Kroon, P., McGlashan, S., Sallnas, E.L. & Virtanen, M. (1997) Leave the Office, Bring Your Colleagues: Design Solutions for Mobile Teamworkers. Proc. CHI’97, ACM Press, pp.335-336
Calvary, G., Coutaz, J. & Nigay, L. (1997) From Single-User Architectural Design to PAC*: a Generic Software Architectural Model for CSCW. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’97), pp 242-249.
D’Souza, D.F. & Wills, A.C. (1998) Objects, Components and Frameworks with UML: The Catalysis Approach. Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-31012-0, 1998.
Daft, R.L. & Lengel, R.H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science 32(5), 554-571.
Ellis, C.A., Gibbs, S.J. & Rein, G.L. (1991) Groupware Some Issues and Experiences. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 38-58.
Engelbart, D. & English, W. (1968) Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect, Proc. Fall Joint Computing Conference, AFIPS Press, 395-410
Fuks, H., Gerosa, M.A. & Lucena, C.J.P. (2002), “The Development and Application of Distance Learning on the Internet”, Open Learning Journal, V. 17, No. 1, February 2002, ISSN 0268-0513, Cartafax Pub, pp. 23-38.
Fuks, H., Raposo, A.B., Gerosa, M.A. & Lucena, C.J.P. (2005) Applying the 3C Model to Groupware Development. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems (IJCIS), v.14, n.2-3, Jun-Sep 2005, World Scientific, ISSN 0218-8430, pp. 299-328.
Greenberg, S. (2006) “Toolkits and Interface Creativity”, Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, Special Issue on Groupware, Kluwer. In Press. Disponível em http://grouplab.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/papers
Gutwin, C. & Greenberg, S. (2000) The Mechanics of Collaboration: Developing Low Cost Usability Evaluation Methods for Shared Workspaces. IEEE 9th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises -WETICE (2000), p. 98-103.
Laufer, C. & Fuks, H. (1995) “ACCORD: Conversation Clichés for Cooperation”, Proceedings of The International Workshop on the Design of Cooperative Systems, France, pp 351-369.
Laurillau, Y. & Nigay, L. (2002) “Clover architecture for groupware”, Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2002), pp. 236-245
Litiu, R. & Prakash, A. (2000) “Developing Adaptive Groupware Applications Using a Mobile Computing Framework”, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'00), pp. 107-116.
Marsic, I. & Dorohonceanu, B. (2003) “Flexible User Interfaces for Group Collaboration”. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 337-360
Marsic, I. (1999) DISCIPLE: a framework for multimodal collaboration in heterogeneous environments. ACM Computing Surveys, 31 (2es), Article No. 4.
Pumareja, D., Sikkel, K. & Wieringa, R. (2004) “Understanding the dynamics of requirements evolution: a comparative case study of groupware implementation”, REFSQ 2004, Essener Informatik Beiträge 9, pp. 177-194.
Roseman, M. & Greenberg, S. (1996) “Building real time groupware with GroupKit, a groupware toolkit”. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3, 1, p. 66106.
Roth, J. & Unger, C. (2000) Developing synchronous collaborative applications with TeamComponents. In Designing Cooperative Systems: the Use of Theories and Models, 5th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (COOP’00), pp. 353-368.
Sauter, C., Morger, O., Muhlherr, M., Thutchytson, A. & Teusel, S. (1995) CSCW for Strategic Management in Swiss Enterprises: an Empirical Study. Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW’95), Sweden, 117-132
Slagter, R.J. & Biemans, M.C.M. (2000) “Component Groupware: A Basis for Tailorable Solutions that Can Evolve with the Supported Task”, in Proceedings of the International ICSC Conference on Intelligent Systems and Applications (ISA 2000), Australia.
Stahl, G. (2001) WebGuide: Guiding collaborative learning on the Web with perspectives, Journal of Interactive Media in Education.
Stiemerling, O., Hinken, R. & Cremers, A.B. (1999) The EVOLVE Tailoring Platform: Supporting the Evolution of Component-Based Groupware. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC’99), pp. 106-115.
Szyperski, C. (1997) Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-17888-5 Szyperski, C. (2003) Component technology – what, where, and how? Procedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’03), IEEE, pp 684693.
Winograd, T. & Flores, F. (1987) Understanding Computers and Cognition. AddisonWesley, USA, 1987.
Won, M., Stiemerling, O. & Wulf, V. (2005) “Component-Based Approaches to Tailorable Systems”, End User Development, Kluwer, pp. 1-27.
Bandinelli, S., Nitto, E.D. & Fuggetta, A. (1996) “Supporting cooperation in the SPADE-1 Environment”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, V 22, N 12, pp. 841-865
Borghoff, U.M. & Schlichter, J.H. (2000) Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Introduction to Distributed Applications. Springer, USA.
Bretain, I., Fredin, L., Frost, W., Hedman, L.R., Kroon, P., McGlashan, S., Sallnas, E.L. & Virtanen, M. (1997) Leave the Office, Bring Your Colleagues: Design Solutions for Mobile Teamworkers. Proc. CHI’97, ACM Press, pp.335-336
Calvary, G., Coutaz, J. & Nigay, L. (1997) From Single-User Architectural Design to PAC*: a Generic Software Architectural Model for CSCW. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’97), pp 242-249.
D’Souza, D.F. & Wills, A.C. (1998) Objects, Components and Frameworks with UML: The Catalysis Approach. Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-31012-0, 1998.
Daft, R.L. & Lengel, R.H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science 32(5), 554-571.
Ellis, C.A., Gibbs, S.J. & Rein, G.L. (1991) Groupware Some Issues and Experiences. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 38-58.
Engelbart, D. & English, W. (1968) Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect, Proc. Fall Joint Computing Conference, AFIPS Press, 395-410
Fuks, H., Gerosa, M.A. & Lucena, C.J.P. (2002), “The Development and Application of Distance Learning on the Internet”, Open Learning Journal, V. 17, No. 1, February 2002, ISSN 0268-0513, Cartafax Pub, pp. 23-38.
Fuks, H., Raposo, A.B., Gerosa, M.A. & Lucena, C.J.P. (2005) Applying the 3C Model to Groupware Development. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems (IJCIS), v.14, n.2-3, Jun-Sep 2005, World Scientific, ISSN 0218-8430, pp. 299-328.
Greenberg, S. (2006) “Toolkits and Interface Creativity”, Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, Special Issue on Groupware, Kluwer. In Press. Disponível em http://grouplab.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/papers
Gutwin, C. & Greenberg, S. (2000) The Mechanics of Collaboration: Developing Low Cost Usability Evaluation Methods for Shared Workspaces. IEEE 9th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises -WETICE (2000), p. 98-103.
Laufer, C. & Fuks, H. (1995) “ACCORD: Conversation Clichés for Cooperation”, Proceedings of The International Workshop on the Design of Cooperative Systems, France, pp 351-369.
Laurillau, Y. & Nigay, L. (2002) “Clover architecture for groupware”, Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2002), pp. 236-245
Litiu, R. & Prakash, A. (2000) “Developing Adaptive Groupware Applications Using a Mobile Computing Framework”, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'00), pp. 107-116.
Marsic, I. & Dorohonceanu, B. (2003) “Flexible User Interfaces for Group Collaboration”. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 337-360
Marsic, I. (1999) DISCIPLE: a framework for multimodal collaboration in heterogeneous environments. ACM Computing Surveys, 31 (2es), Article No. 4.
Pumareja, D., Sikkel, K. & Wieringa, R. (2004) “Understanding the dynamics of requirements evolution: a comparative case study of groupware implementation”, REFSQ 2004, Essener Informatik Beiträge 9, pp. 177-194.
Roseman, M. & Greenberg, S. (1996) “Building real time groupware with GroupKit, a groupware toolkit”. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3, 1, p. 66106.
Roth, J. & Unger, C. (2000) Developing synchronous collaborative applications with TeamComponents. In Designing Cooperative Systems: the Use of Theories and Models, 5th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (COOP’00), pp. 353-368.
Sauter, C., Morger, O., Muhlherr, M., Thutchytson, A. & Teusel, S. (1995) CSCW for Strategic Management in Swiss Enterprises: an Empirical Study. Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW’95), Sweden, 117-132
Slagter, R.J. & Biemans, M.C.M. (2000) “Component Groupware: A Basis for Tailorable Solutions that Can Evolve with the Supported Task”, in Proceedings of the International ICSC Conference on Intelligent Systems and Applications (ISA 2000), Australia.
Stahl, G. (2001) WebGuide: Guiding collaborative learning on the Web with perspectives, Journal of Interactive Media in Education.
Stiemerling, O., Hinken, R. & Cremers, A.B. (1999) The EVOLVE Tailoring Platform: Supporting the Evolution of Component-Based Groupware. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC’99), pp. 106-115.
Szyperski, C. (1997) Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-17888-5 Szyperski, C. (2003) Component technology – what, where, and how? Procedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’03), IEEE, pp 684693.
Winograd, T. & Flores, F. (1987) Understanding Computers and Cognition. AddisonWesley, USA, 1987.
Won, M., Stiemerling, O. & Wulf, V. (2005) “Component-Based Approaches to Tailorable Systems”, End User Development, Kluwer, pp. 1-27.
Publicado
16/10/2006
Como Citar
GEROSA, Marco Aurélio; RAPOSO, Alberto Barbosa; FUKS, Hugo; LUCENA, Carlos José Pereira de.
Component-Based Groupware Development Based on the 3C Collaboration Model. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (SBES), 20. , 2006, Florianópolis.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2006
.
p. 129-144.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2006.21209.