An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement
<p>2D model of IDC differential sensor and simulated S-parameters: (<b>a</b>) model and (<b>b</b>) S-parameters.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The influence of (<b>a</b>) W1, (<b>b</b>) W2, and (<b>c</b>) L1 value on device S<sub>11</sub> parameters.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>2D model of optimized sensor, the simulated S-parameters of the sensor and electric field distribution of the optimized sensor: (<b>a</b>) model, (<b>b</b>) S-parameters, and (<b>c</b>) electric field distribution.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>The material to be tested is placed on R1.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Simulated S<sub>11</sub> parameters of different MUTs placed (<b>a</b>) on 1st resonator, (<b>b</b>) on 2nd resonator, (<b>c</b>) on 3rd resonator, (<b>d</b>) on 1st and 2nd resonators, (<b>e</b>) on 1st and 3rd resonators, (<b>f</b>) on 2nd and 3rd resonators, (<b>g</b>) on 1st, 2nd and 3rd resonator, and (<b>h</b>) frequency offset response of the differential sensor.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The material with holes is placed in R1.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The frequency offset response of F4BM with and without holes (<b>a</b>) on 1st resonator, (<b>b</b>) on 2nd resonator, (<b>c</b>) on 3rd resonator, (<b>d</b>) on 1st and 2nd resonators, (<b>e</b>) on 1st and 3rd resonators, (<b>f</b>) on 2nd and 3rd resonators, and (<b>g</b>) on 1st, 2nd and 3rd resonators.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Experimental setup to evaluate the performance of the sensor and the measurement result of S<sub>11</sub> parameter: (<b>a</b>) testing environment and (<b>b</b>) S<sub>11</sub> parameter.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The placement of the MUTs.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>S<sub>11</sub> parameters of different MUTs placed on (<b>a</b>) 1st resonator, (<b>b</b>) 2nd resonator, (<b>c</b>) 3rd resonator, (<b>d</b>) 1st and 2nd resonators, (<b>e</b>); 1st and 3rd resonators, (<b>f</b>) 2nd and 3rd resonators, (<b>g</b>) 1st, 2nd and 3rd resonators, and (<b>h</b>) frequency offset response of sensor.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>S<sub>22</sub> parameters of different MUTs placed on 1st resonator.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>S<sub>11</sub> parameters of alumina ceramic and soda lime glass placed on (<b>a</b>) 1st resonator, (<b>b</b>) 1st and 2nd resonators, (<b>c</b>) 1st and 3rd resonators, and (<b>d</b>) 1st, 2nd and 3rd resonators.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>S<sub>11</sub> parameters of different defective MUTs placed on (<b>a</b>) 1st resonator, (<b>b</b>) 2nd resonator, (<b>c</b>) 3rd resonator, (<b>d</b>) 1st and 2nd resonators, (<b>e</b>) 1st and 3rd resonators, (<b>f</b>) 2nd and 3rd resonators, and (<b>g</b>) 1st, 2nd and 3rd resonators.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>S<sub>11</sub> parameters of MUTs with different defect distributions: (<b>a</b>) central axis distribution, (<b>b</b>) triangular distribution, and (<b>c</b>) diagonal distribution.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design and Simulation of Microwave Sensor
2.1. Structure of the Microwave Sensor
2.2. Simulation Response of the Microwave Sensor
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | W0 | L0 | W1 | L1 | W2 | L2 | W3 | L3 | W4 |
Value (mm) | 20.0 | 50.1 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 17.0 | 2.7 | 0.3 |
Zone | R1 | R2 | R3 | R12 | R13 | R23 | R123 |
R2 | 0.959 | 0.123 | 0.8220 | 0.967 | 0.975 | 0.172 | 0.975 |
Zone | R1 | R2 | R3 | R12 | R13 | R23 | R123 |
Δf (MHz) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
Zone | R1 | R2 | R3 | R12 | R13 | R23 | R123 |
R2 | 0.874 | — | — | 0.960 | 0.889 | 0.895 | 0.914 |
Zone | R1 | R12 | R13 | R123 | |
Δf (MHz) | alumina ceramic | 157.5 | 112.5 | 150 | 150 |
soda lime glass | 247.5 | 277.5 | 262.5 | 270 |
Zone | R1 | R2 | R3 | R12 | R13 | R23 | R123 |
Δf (MHz) | 7.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.5 | 0 | 7.5 |
Defect Distribution | Central axis | Triangle | Diagonal |
Δf (MHz) | 12 | 12 | 12 |
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Tang, X.; Gao, Z.; Wei, J.; Li, Z.; Yi, Y.; Yang, F.; Muhammad, A.; Wang, C. An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement. Sensors 2023, 23, 6551. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551
Tang X, Gao Z, Wei J, Li Z, Yi Y, Yang F, Muhammad A, Wang C. An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement. Sensors. 2023; 23(14):6551. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Xiaocong, Zhiqiang Gao, Jie Wei, Zheyi Li, Yang Yi, Fan Yang, Azeem Muhammad, and Cong Wang. 2023. "An Interdigital Microwave Sensor Based on Differential Structure for Dielectric Constant Characteristics Measurement" Sensors 23, no. 14: 6551. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146551