Signal Amplification-Based Biosensors and Application in RNA Tumor Markers
<p>Schematic illustration of electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and fluorescent sensing analyses based on signal amplification strategies for detecting RNA tumor markers. (The two curves represent the trend of the response signal based on signal amplification, including positive and negative correlation of signal magnification).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic illustration of m6A-RNA competing with m6A-DNA to bind antibodies and RNase A hydrolyzing m6A-RNA for EIS detection (The red line represents the original sensing signal, the black line represents the sensing signal based on signal amplification. This is a negatively correlated signal amplification).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Schematic illustration of based on the CGO decorated with Au–PtBNPs, Specific binding of streptavidin and biotin to capture probe for electrochemical detection.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Schematic illustration of the preparation of m6A-DNA-PtCo and the process of m6A-RNA competing with m6A-DNA-PtCo to bind antibodies.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Schematic illustration of the CdTe QDs-CeO<sub>2</sub> complex as the PEC signal indicator; with the addition of TPB, the generated DNA super-sandwich structure would form DNA-protein complexes, leading to a significantly reduced PEC signal. (The red line represents the original sensing signal, the black line represents the sensing signal based on signal amplification. This is a negatively correlated signal amplification).</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Schematic illustration of the formation process of DNA nanospheres and the PEC and ECL detection of dual-mode biosensors.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Schematic illustration of the RCA process and the fluorescent assay of the DNAzymes cleavage substrates.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Schematic illustration of BSJ sequence I triggering the CHA–HCR cascade amplification system. (The black line represents the original sensing signal, the red line represents the sensing signal based on signal amplification. This is a positively correlated signal amplification).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Electrochemical Biosensor
2.1. Electrochemical Sensing Analysis
2.2. Signal Amplification Strategies Used in EC Sensing
2.2.1. Enzyme-Catalyze Signal Amplification
2.2.2. Nanomaterial-Based Signal Amplification
2.2.3. Nucleic Acid-Based Signal Amplification
3. Photoelectrochemical Biosensor
3.1. Photoelectrochemical Sensing Analysis
3.2. Signal Amplification Strategies Used in PEC Sensing
3.2.1. Enzyme-Catalyze Signal Amplification
3.2.2. Nanomaterial-Enhanced Signal Amplification
3.2.3. Nucleic Acid-Based Signal Amplification
4. Fluorescent Biosensor
4.1. Fluorescent Sensing Analysis
4.2. Signal Amplification Strategies Used in Fluorescent Sensing
4.2.1. Enzyme-Based Nucleic Acid Signal Amplification
4.2.2. Enzyme-Free Nucleic Acid Signal Amplification
5. Conclusions and Future Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Immunosensor Components | Target Analyte | Detection Method | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
miRNA-29b-1/p-29b-1/CP/RGO/GCE. | miRNA-29b-1 | SWV | 1 fM–1 nM | 5 fM | [43] |
RNase A/m6A-RNA/ anti-m6A-Ab/Au | m6A-RNA | EIS | 0.05 nM–200 nM | 0.016 nM | [44] |
miRNA-21/SA-ALP/Au | miRNA-21 | EC | 0.5 fM–1 pM | 0.2 fM | [45] |
biotin-DNA-miRNA-21/tFNA/Au | miRNA-21 | DPV | 1 fM–1 nM | 290 aM | [47] |
MOF@Pt@MOF nanozyme/GCE | miRNA-21 | DPV | 1 fM–1 nM. | 0.29 fM | [50] |
miRNA-21/DNA@AuPt/Au | miRNA-21 | i-t | 0.1 pM–1 nM | 84.1 fM | [51] |
miRNA-21/CP/SA/Au-PtBNPs/CGO/FTO | miRNA-21 | DPV | 1 fM–1 μM | 1 fM | [52] |
H1-H2@Fe-MOFs-NH2/miRNA-155/AuNPs/MB-GA-UiO-66-NH2/GCE | miRNA-155 | DPV | 1 fM–100 nM | 50 aM | [53] |
m6A-RNA/m6A-DNA-PtCo/anti-m6A-Ab/Au | m6A-RNA | DPV | 0.005 nM–100 nM | 2.1 pM | [54] |
TDN/miR-122/HPEC/AuNP/Au | miRNA-122 | EC | 1 aM–100 fM | 0.74 aM | [56] |
RCA/AgHPs/miRNA-21/NAL/Au | miRNA-21 | DPV | 10 aM–100 pM | 9.3 aM | [59] |
H2/Pd@UiO-66/CHA/miRNA-21/H1/GE | miRNA-21 | DPV | 20 fM–600 pM | 0.713 fM | [62] |
Immunosensor Components | Target Analyte | Detection Method | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP–DNA/ALP-Au/AgInS2/PbS | miRNA-21 | PEC | 10 fM–100 nM | 3.4 fM | [74] |
G4/hemin/CS/BiOI/ITO | miRNA-21 | PEC | 1.0 fM–0.1 nM | 0.2 fM | [77] |
H2O2-AEC/pDNA-AuPt NDs/miRNA-141/cDNA/CoPi/BiVO4 | miRNA-141 | PEC | 5 fM–1 pM | 0.17 fM | [78] |
TBP/TATA/HT/DNA/depAu/CdTe QDs-CeO2/GCE | miRNA-141 | PEC | 0.5 fM–5 nM | 0.17 fM | [79] |
miRNA-21/CP/PCN-224/Ti3C2/MgIn2S4 | miRNA-21 | PEC | 0.5 fM–1.0 nM. | 0.17 fM | [80] |
DNA/HT/outpour DNA/depAu/TiO2/GCE | miRNA-141 | PEC | 0.1 fM–1 nM | 0.037 fM | [81] |
EC | 2 fM–500 pM | 0.67 fM | |||
H2O2+4-CN/MnPP/output DNA/HT/H1/DepAu/BiOCl-BiOI/GCE | miRNA-21 | PEC | 100 aM–1 nM | 33 aM | [82] |
MB/HP3-HP4/miRNA-375-3p/PolyA-HP1/PEDOT/FeOOH/BiVO4 | miRNA-375-3p | PEC | 1 fM–10 pM | 0.3 fM | [83] |
ALP-SA/HP4-Biotin/HP3/HP2/miRNA-21/HP1/CdS/CC | miRNA-21 | PEC | 1 fM–1 nM | 0.41 fM | [84] |
Immunosensor Components | Target Analyte | Detection Method | Linear Range | Detection Limit | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ag NCs/SFAS/miRNA-21 | miRNA-21 | FL | 0.02 nM–1 nM | 0.178 pM | [93] |
MgCl2/MNAzymes/RCA/miRNA-21 | miRNA-21 | FL | 10 pM–50 pM | 4 pM | [94] |
Hairpin DNA/RCA/miRNA-21/circular dumbbell DNA | miRNA-21 | FL | 1 aM–1 pM | 39.7 aM | [95] |
HCR/RT-RCA/circRNA | circRNA | FL | 0.1 pM–150 pM | 0.1 pM | [101] |
DNA-miRNA/HCR/miRNA-21/HPs/Mo2B | miRNA-121 | FL | 1 fM–1 nM, | 20.2 fM | [102] |
GO-CHA-HCR | circRNA | FL | 30 pM–60 nM | 10 pM | [103] |
Biosensors | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Electrochemical | Simple equipment, low cost, fast response time, high sensitivity, good selectivity | Storage time is short, stability is not good enough, the detection is easily interfered by other substances |
Photoelectrochemical | Low background signal, simple and fast, high sensitivity, good accuracy, high stability | Light may damage biomolecules, while the absorption or scattering of light by biomolecules may interfere with the detection signal, and there is also a low detection throughput |
Fluorescent | Low cost, easy to modify, fast response time, high sensitivity, good selectivity | With many interfering factors, fluorescent probes are prone to photolysis, oxidative quenching, and easy contamination. |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Li, H.; Zhang, Z.; Gan, L.; Fan, D.; Sun, X.; Qian, Z.; Liu, X.; Huang, Y. Signal Amplification-Based Biosensors and Application in RNA Tumor Markers. Sensors 2023, 23, 4237. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094237
Li H, Zhang Z, Gan L, Fan D, Sun X, Qian Z, Liu X, Huang Y. Signal Amplification-Based Biosensors and Application in RNA Tumor Markers. Sensors. 2023; 23(9):4237. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094237
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Haiping, Zhikun Zhang, Lu Gan, Dianfa Fan, Xinjun Sun, Zhangbo Qian, Xiyu Liu, and Yong Huang. 2023. "Signal Amplification-Based Biosensors and Application in RNA Tumor Markers" Sensors 23, no. 9: 4237. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094237