Research Paper:
Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Crack Propagation Behavior During Wheel Scribing of Alkali-Free Glass Sheet
Ryota Someno, Kentaro Imai, Yuichiro Matsumoto, Souta Matsusaka , Sho Itoh , Hirofumi Hidai , Akira Chiba, and Noboru Morita
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University
1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Corresponding author
The effects of the ambient temperature and relative humidity on crack propagation behavior during wheel scribing were investigated. A chamber was built to allow dynamic observation of crack propagation behavior in a controlled atmosphere. A developed miniature scriber was installed in the chamber, and the crack propagation behavior was observed from lateral and back sides during wheel scribing under various atmospheric conditions. As a result, the median crack propagation rate increased with relative humidity. We speculated that this was caused by the stress corrosion of glass. Although stress corrosion is considered to be more reactive at higher temperatures, the results of scribing at different temperatures showed that higher temperatures did not necessarily increase median crack propagation. This is due to the formation of lateral cracks before the median cracks have fully propagated. These results suggest that the interaction between multiple cracks should be considered when discussing the effects of temperature and humidity in wheel scribing.
- [1] T. Numagami, “History of Liquid Crystal Display Technology,” Hakuto-Shobo, pp. 51-54, 1999 (in Japanese).
- [2] A. Miyajima, I. Inasaki, and S. Sekiya, “Precision cut off grinding of glass with a diamond blades,” Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. C, Vol.56, No.521, pp. 212-216, 1990 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.56.212
- [3] S. Y. Luo, Y. Y. Tsai, and C. H. Chen, “Studies on cut-off grinding of BK7 optical glass using thin diamond wheels,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol.173, No.3, pp. 321-329, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.11.036
- [4] Y.-Z. Wang and J. Lin, “Characterization of the laser cleaving on glass sheets with a line-shape laser beam,” Opt. Laser Technol., Vol.39, No.5, pp. 892-899, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.07.005
- [5] K. Yamamoto, N. Hasaka, H. Morita, and E. Ohmura, “Three-dimensional thermal stress analysis on laser scribing of glass,” Precis. Eng., Vol.32, No.4, pp. 301-308, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2007.10.004
- [6] K. Yamada, T. Maeda, T. Iwai, K. Sekiya, and R. Tanaka, “Photoelastic observation of stress distributions in laser cleaving of glass substrates,” Precis. Eng., Vol.47, pp. 333-343, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.09.007
- [7] A. Chiba, S. Matsusaka, H. Hidai, and N. Morita, “Prediction of the tensile thermal stress generation conditions for laser irradiation of thin plate glass with forced cooling based on the plane stress model,” Int. J. Automation Technol., Vol.12, No.4, pp. 590-602, 2018. https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0590
- [8] S. Iwatsuki, H. Hidai, S. Matsusaka, A. Chiba, and N. Morita, “Morphology of cleaved surface and observation of in situ crack propagation during cleaving,” Int. J. Automation Technol., Vol.15, No.4, pp. 483-491, 2021. https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0483
- [9] T. Ono and K. Tanaka, “Effect of scribe-wheel dimensions on the cutting of AMLCD glass substrate,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp., Vol.9, No.2, pp. 87-94, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1889/1.1828775
- [10] Y. S. Liao, G. M. Yang, and Y. S. Hsu, “Effect of geometrical characteristics of a scribing wheel on the bending strength of LCD glass substrates,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp., Vol.17, No.3, pp. 287-291, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1889/JSID17.3.287
- [11] N. Tomei, K. Maekawa, H. Wakayama, and H. Tomimori, “A study on scribing with a breakless wheel (1st report): Observations of crack propagation using a high-speed camera,” J. Jpn. Soc. Abras. Technol., Vol.53, No.11, pp. 684-689, 2009 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.11420/jsat.53.684
- [12] Y. Akiyama, M. Okada, H. Suzuki, T. Fukunishi, Y. Asai, N. Ogasawara, and K. Iizawa, “Scribing characteristics of glass plate with ground PCD scribing wheel,” Int. J. Automation Technol., Vol.12, No.5, pp. 760-766, 2018. https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0760
- [13] C.-H. Tsai and B.-W. Huang, “Diamond scribing and laser breaking for LCD glass substrates,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol.198, Nos.1-3, pp. 350-358, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.07.017
- [14] Y. S. Liao, G. M. Yang, and Y. S. Hsu, “Vibration assisted scribing process on LCD glass substrate,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., Vol.50, No.6, pp. 532-537, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2010.03.004
- [15] R. Hasegawa, S. Matsusaka, H. Hidai, A. Chiba, N. Morita, and T. Onuma, “In-process estimation of fracture surface morphology during wheel scribing of a glass sheet by high-speed photoelastic observation,” Precis. Eng., Vol.48, pp. 164-171, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.11.017
- [16] K. Imai, M. Saito, S. Matsusaka, Y. Matsumoto, H. Hidai, A. Chiba, and N. Morita, “Dynamic observation of crack generation during wheel scribing from lateral and back sides using a high-speed camera,” Precis. Eng., Vol.60, pp. 421-427, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.06.013
- [17] N. Tomei, K. Murakami, T. Fukunishi, S. Yoshida, and J. Matsuoka, “Direct observation of crack propagation in a liquid crystal display glass substrate during wheel scribing,” Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci., Vol.9, No.1, pp. 105-113, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12272
- [18] S. M. Wiederhorn, “Influence of water vapor on crack propagation in soda-lime glass,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol.50, No.8, pp. 407-414, 1967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1967.tb15145.x
- [19] S. M. Wiederhorn and L. H. Bolz, “Stress corrosion and static fatigue of glass,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol.53, No.10, pp. 543-548, 1970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1970.tb15962.x
- [20] S. W. Freiman, “Effects of chemical environments on slow crack growth in glasses and ceramics,” J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, Vol.89, No.B6, pp. 4072-4076, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB06p04072
- [21] S. W. Freiman, S. M. Wiederhorn, and J. J. Mecholsky, Jr., “Environmentally enhanced fracture of glass: A historical perspective,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol.92, No.7, pp. 1371-1382, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03097.x
- [22] S. Freiman, “The fracture of glass: Past, present, and future,” Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci., Vol.3, No.2, pp. 89-106, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1294.2012.00091.x
- [23] M. Tomozawa and R. W. Hepburn, “Surface structural relaxation of silica glass: A possible mechanism of mechanical fatigue,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vols.345-346, pp. 449-460, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.065
- [24] J. Matsuoka, “Effect of water on the mechanical properties of glass,” NEW GLASS, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 41-46, 2006 (in Japanese).
- [25] M. Saito, K. Imai, Y. Matsumoto, S. Matsusaka, H. Hidai, A. Chiba, and N. Morita, “Observation of wheel scribing behavior of glass sheet using scanning electron microscope,” J. Jpn. Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol.84, No.7, pp. 634-639, 2018 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.84.634
- [26] R. F. Cook and G. M. Pharr, “Direct observation and analysis of indentation cracking in glasses and ceramics,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol.73, No.4, pp. 787-817, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05119.x
- [27] S. Matsusaka, G. Mizobuchi, H. Hidai, A. Chiba, N. Morita, and T. Onuma, “Observation of crack propagation behavior and visualization of internal stress field during wheel scribing of glass sheet,” J. Jpn. Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol.81, No.3, pp. 270-275, 2015 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.81.270
- [28] W. A. Yager and S. O. Morgan, “Surface leakage of Pyrex glass,” J. Phys. Chem., Vol.35, No.7, pp. 2026-2042, 1931. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150325a011
This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.