Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 15,
Issue 8,
pp. 518-526
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.489228

Perspectives on and the road towards 100 Gb/s TDM PON with intensity-modulation and direct-detection

Rene Bonk, Ed Harstead, Robert Borkowski, Vincent Houtsma, Yannick Lefevre, Amitkumar Mahadevan, Dora van Veen, Michiel Verplaetse, and Sheldon Walklin

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Rene Bonk, Ed Harstead, Robert Borkowski, Vincent Houtsma, Yannick Lefevre, Amitkumar Mahadevan, Dora van Veen, Michiel Verplaetse, and Sheldon Walklin, "Perspectives on and the road towards 100 Gb/s TDM PON with intensity-modulation and direct-detection," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 15, 518-526 (2023)

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Abstract

We assess the status of current generation 25G and 50G time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM PON) technologies based on leveraging the cost efficiencies of the Ethernet intra-datacenter ecosystem. As a first step towards 100G TDM PON, we predict the real-world impact of a flexible modulation enhancement to 50G PON, whereby four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) symbols can be transmitted at the same symbol rate as 50 Gb/s PAM2, but only where excess margins permit. We find that sufficient margins are likely to exist to allow for a majority of future 50G PON optical network units to operate at 100 Gb/s PAM4. Next, we look at the options for a 100G PON capable of supporting the full loss budget and reach requirements. There is no technical risk if coherent technology is adopted, but intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM-DD) will provide lower complexity, lower cost, and lower power dissipation. We evaluate this option and conclude that by following IM-DD Ethernet optics to 100 GBd, single wavelength IM-DD will continue to be feasible for 100G PON and will be a strong contender for the next generation of PON after 50 Gb/s.

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Simulation Parameters	Unit	50G PON PAM2 and 100G Flex PON PAM4
Tx effective electro-optical 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	37.5
Tx chirp factor	–	0.5
Tx wavelength	nm	1344
Tx dynamic ER^a	dB	7
Rx APD gain	–	8
APD responsivity	A/W	0.8
Rx APD ionization coefficient	–	0.4
Rx TIA IRND^b	pA/ $\sqrt$ Hz	10
Rx effective electro-optical 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	18.75 and 25.00
Rx ADC resolution (ENoB^c)	Bits	5
Rx ADC sampling rate	GSa/s^d	50
Rx input BER	–	$1 E - 2$ at 50 Gb/s
		$1.8 E - 2$ at 100 Gb/s
Equalization	–	$15 F F E + 3 D F E$

Margin	Mean	Standard Deviation
ODN loss	2.77	0.73
OLT Tx power	1.89	0.28
ONU Rx sensitivity	3.50	0.70
Total	8.16	1.05

Ethernet Single Lane/Four Lane	Signaling Rate (GBd)	Year of Mass Deployment	PON (PAM2)	PON Line Rate (Gb/s)
25G/100G (NRZ)	25.78125	2017	25GS-PON	24.8832
100G/400G (PAM4)	53.125	2021	50G PON	49.7664
200G/800G (PAM4)	106.25 (t.b.d.)	2026 (forecast)	100G PON	99.5328 (t.b.d.)

Parameter	Unit	50G PON Downstream Year 2025^a	100G PON Downstream Year 2030^b	100G PON Upstream Year 2030^b
Tx OMA, C $+$	dBm	11.25	11.25	11.25
Tx effective electro-optic 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	37.5	75	75
Tx chirp factor, $α$	–	0.5	0.3	$α = 1$ for 1284–1288, $α = 0.5$ for 1298–1302
Wavelength	nm	1340–1344	1318–1322	$α = 1$ for 1284–1288, $α = 0.5$ for 1298–1302
Rx sensitivity, OMA, 20 km	dBm	−20.75	−20.75	−20.75
Rx SOA gain	dB	–	20	20
Rx SOA NF	dB	–	6	6
Rx optical filter width at 1 dB suppression	nm	–	4	4
Photodetector (PD) gain	–	8 (APD)	1 (PIN)	1 (PIN)
PD responsivity	A/W	0.8	0.6	0.6
Rx effective electro-optic 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	18.75	50	50
Rx ADC resolution (ENoB)	Bits	5	6	6
Rx ADC sampling rate	GSa/s	50	100	100
Input BER	–	$1 E - 2$	$2 E - 2$	$2 E - 2$
Equalization	–	13FFE	$21 F F E + 3 D F E$	$21 F F E + 3 D F E$

Simulation Parameters	Unit	50G PON PAM2 and 100G Flex PON PAM4
Tx effective electro-optical 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	37.5
Tx chirp factor	–	0.5
Tx wavelength	nm	1344
Tx dynamic ER^a	dB	7
Rx APD gain	–	8
APD responsivity	A/W	0.8
Rx APD ionization coefficient	–	0.4
Rx TIA IRND^b	pA/ $\sqrt$ Hz	10
Rx effective electro-optical 3 dB bandwidth	GHz	18.75 and 25.00
Rx ADC resolution (ENoB^c)	Bits	5
Rx ADC sampling rate	GSa/s^d	50
Rx input BER	–	$1 E - 2$ at 50 Gb/s
		$1.8 E - 2$ at 100 Gb/s
Equalization	–	$15 F F E + 3 D F E$

Perspectives on and the road towards 100 Gb/s TDM PON with intensity-modulation and direct-detection

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking