Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2834050.2834064acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescommConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Free access

Re-evaluating Measurement Algorithms in Software

Published: 16 November 2015 Publication History

Abstract

With the advancement of multicore servers, there is a new trend of moving network functions to software servers. Measurement is critical to most network functions as it not only helps the operators understand the network usage and detect anomalies, but also produces feedback to the control loop in management tasks such as load balancing and traffic engineering. Traditional researches on measurement algorithms mainly focus on reducing the memory usage leveraging the fact that measurement can sustain bounded inaccuracy. In this study, we re-evaluate these algorithms on software servers in order to understand their tradeoffs of accuracy and performance. We observe that simple hash tables work better than more advanced measurement algorithms for a variety of measurement scenarios. This is because with better cache design in modern servers and the skewness in the access patterns of measurement tasks, the memory usage of measurement tasks is largely irrelevant to the packet processing performance.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (a20.mp4)

References

[1]
http://www.7-cpu.com/cpu/Haswell.html.
[2]
Benchmarks : Intel mobile haswell (crystalwell): Memory sub-system. http://www.sisoftware.net/?d=qa&f=mem_hsw.
[3]
CAIDA Anonymized Internet Traces 2012. http://www.caida.org/data/passive/passive_2012_dataset.xml.
[4]
DPDK. http://dpdk.org.
[5]
AT&T Domain 2.0 vision white paper. http://goo.gl/YqSjkA, 2013.
[6]
M. Alizadeh, A. Greenberg, D. A. Maltz, J. Padhye, P. Patel, B. Prabhakar, S. Sengupta, and M. Sridharan. Data Center TCP (DCTCP). SIGCOMM computer communication review, 41(4):63--74, 2011.
[7]
T. Benson, A. Akella, and D. A. Maltz. Network Traffic Characteristics of Data Centers in the Wild. In IMC, 2010.
[8]
S. Boyd-Wickizer, M. F. Kaashoek, R. Morris, and N. Zeldovich. Non-scalable Locks Are Dangerous. In Linux Symposium, 2012.
[9]
M. Charikar, K. Chen, and M. Farach-Colton. Finding Frequent Items in Data Streams. In Automata, Languages and Programming, pages 693--703. Springer, 2002.
[10]
B. Claise. Cisco systems NetFlow services export version 9. 2004.
[11]
G. Cormode and M. Hadjieleftheriou. Finding Frequent Items in Data Streams. VLDB Endowment, 1(2), 2008.
[12]
G. Cormode and S. Muthukrishnan. An Improved Data Stream Summary: The Count-Min Sketch and its Applications. Journal of Algorithms, 55(1), 2005.
[13]
G. Cormode and S. Muthukrishnan. Space Efficient Mining of Multigraph Streams. In PODS, 2005.
[14]
G. Cormode and S. Muthukrishnan. Summarizing and Mining Skewed Data Streams. In SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, 2005.
[15]
A. Das. Intel's Embedded DRAM: New Era of Cache Memory, Overcoming SRAM's scaling. http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?doc_id=1323410, 2014.
[16]
M. Dobrescu, K. Argyraki, G. Iannaccone, M. Manesh, and S. Ratnasamy. Controlling Parallelism in a Multicore Software Router. In PRESTO, 2010.
[17]
M. Dobrescu, K. Argyraki, and S. Ratnasamy. Toward Predictable Performance in Software Packet-Processing Platforms. In NSDI, 2012.
[18]
N. Duffield, C. Lund, and M. Thorup. Estimating Flow Distributions from Sampled Flow Statistics. In SIGCOMM, 2003.
[19]
D. Egloff and M. Leippold. Quantile Estimation with Adaptive Imprtance Sampling. The Annals of Statistics, 38(2):pp. 1244--1278, 2010.
[20]
C. Estan and G. Varghese. New Directions in Traffic Measurement and Accounting. In SIGCOMM, 2002.
[21]
É. Fusy, G. Olivier, and F. Meunier. Hyperloglog: The Analysis of a Near-optimal Cardinality Estimation Algorithm. In Analysis of Algorithms (AofA), 2007.
[22]
A. Ghodsi, V. Sekar, M. Zaharia, and I. Stoica. Multi-resource Fair Queueing for Packet Processing. In SIGCOMM, 2012.
[23]
M. Greenwald and S. Khanna. Space-efficient Online Computation of Quantile Summaries. In SIGMOD, 2001.
[24]
N. Hohn and D. Veitch. Inverting Sampled Traffic. In IMC, 2003.
[25]
J. Hwang, K. K. Ramakrishnan, and T. Wood. NetVM: High Performance and Flexible Networking Using Virtualization on Commodity Platforms. In NSDI, 2014.
[26]
A. Kalia, D. Zhou, M. Kaminsky, and D. G. Andersen. Raising the Bar for Using GPUs in Software Packet Processing. In NSDI, 2015.
[27]
F. Khan, N. Hosein, C.-N. Chuah, and S. Ghiasi. Streaming Solutions for Fine-Grained Network Traffic Measurements and Analysis. In ANCS, 2011.
[28]
E. Kohler, R. Morris, B. Chen, J. Jannotti, and M. F. Kaashoek. The Click Modular Router. Transaction on Computer Systems, 18(3):263--297, Aug. 2000.
[29]
F. Korn, S. Muthukrishnan, and Y. Wu. Modeling Skew in Data Streams. In SIGMOD, 2006.
[30]
A. Kumar, M. Sung, J. J. Xu, and J. Wang. Data Streaming Algorithms for Efficient and Accurate Estimation of Flow Size Distribution. In SIGMETRICS, 2004.
[31]
A. Lall, V. Sekar, M. Ogihara, J. Xu, and H. Zhang. Data Streaming Algorithms for Estimating Entropy of Network Traffic. In SIGMETRICS/Performance, 2006.
[32]
D. Levinthal. Performance Analysis Guide for Intel Core i7 Processor and Intel Xeon 5500 processors. https://software.intel.com/sites/products/collateral/hpc/vtune/performance_analysis_guide.pdf.
[33]
P. Li and C.-H. Zhang. A New Algorithm for Compressed Counting with Applications in Shannon Entropy Estimation in Dynamic Data. In COLT, 2011.
[34]
G. S. Manku, S. Rajagopalan, and B. G. Lindsay. Random Sampling Techniques for Space Efficient Online Computation of Order Statistics of Large Datasets. In SIGMOD, 1999.
[35]
J. Martins, M. Ahmed, C. Raiciu, V. Olteanu, M. Honda, R. Bifulco, and F. Huici. ClickOS and the Art of Network Function Virtualization. In NSDI, 2014.
[36]
A. Metwally, D. Agrawal, and A. El Abbadi. Efficient computation of frequent and top-k elements in data streams. In ICDT, 2005.
[37]
M. Mitzenmacher, T. Steinke, and J. Thaler. Hierarchical heavy hitters with the space saving algorithm. arXiv preprint arXiv:1102.5540, 2011.
[38]
M. Moshref, M. Yu, and R. Govindan. Resource/Accuracy Tradeoffs in Software-Defined Measurement. In HotSDN, 2013.
[39]
A. Nucci and S. Ranjan. Method and apparatus for worm detection and containment in the internet core, 2010. US Patent 7,712,134.
[40]
P. Patel, D. Bansal, L. Yuan, A. Murthy, A. Greenberg, D. A. Maltz, R. Kern, H. Kumar, M. Zikos, H. Wu, C. Kim, and N. Karri. Ananta: Cloud Scale Load Balancing. In SIGCOMM, 2013.
[41]
R. Schweller, Z. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Gao, A. Gupta, Y. Zhang, P. A. Dinda, M.-Y. Kao, and G. Memik. Reversible Sketches: Enabling Monitoring and Analysis over High-speed Data Streams. Transaction on Networking, 15(5), Oct. 2007.
[42]
V. Sekar, M. K. Reiter, and H. Zhang. Revisiting the Case for a Minimalist Approach for Network Flow Monitoring. In IMC, 2010.
[43]
A. Vahdat. Enter the Andromeda zone - Google Cloud Platform's Latest Networking Stack. http://goo.gl/smN6W0.
[44]
S. Venkataraman, D. Song, P. B. Gibbons, and A. Blum. New Streaming Algorithms for Fast Detection of Superspreaders. In NDSS, 2005.
[45]
A. Verma, L. Pedrosa, M. Korupolu, D. Oppenheimer, E. Tune, and J. Wilkes. Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg. In EuroSys, 2015.
[46]
R. Wang, D. Butnariu, and J. Rexford. OpenFlow-based Server Load Balancing Gone Wild. In Hot-ICE, 2011.
[47]
M. Yu, L. Jose, and R. Miao. Software Defined Traffic Measurement with OpenSketch. In NSDI, 2013.
[48]
Y. Zhang. An Adaptive Flow Counting Method for Anomaly Detection in SDN. In CoNEXT, 2013.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)CocoSketch: High-Performance Sketch-Based Measurement Over Arbitrary Partial Key QueryIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.325722631:6(2653-2668)Online publication date: Dec-2023
  • (2023)HistSketch: A Compact Data Structure for Accurate Per-Key Distribution Monitoring2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)10.1109/ICDE55515.2023.00156(2008-2021)Online publication date: Apr-2023
  • (2021)CocoSketchProceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference10.1145/3452296.3472892(207-222)Online publication date: 9-Aug-2021
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
HotNets-XIV: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
November 2015
189 pages
ISBN:9781450340472
DOI:10.1145/2834050
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 November 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

Conference

HotNets-XIV
Sponsor:
HotNets-XIV: The 14th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
November 16 - 17, 2015
PA, Philadelphia, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 110 of 460 submissions, 24%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)93
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)18
Reflects downloads up to 08 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)CocoSketch: High-Performance Sketch-Based Measurement Over Arbitrary Partial Key QueryIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.325722631:6(2653-2668)Online publication date: Dec-2023
  • (2023)HistSketch: A Compact Data Structure for Accurate Per-Key Distribution Monitoring2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)10.1109/ICDE55515.2023.00156(2008-2021)Online publication date: Apr-2023
  • (2021)CocoSketchProceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference10.1145/3452296.3472892(207-222)Online publication date: 9-Aug-2021
  • (2020)Accuracy-Aware Adaptive Traffic Monitoring for Software DataplanesIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2020.297695228:3(986-1001)Online publication date: Jun-2020
  • (2020)Martini: Bridging the Gap between Network Measurement and Control Using Switching ASICs2020 IEEE 28th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)10.1109/ICNP49622.2020.9259415(1-12)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2020
  • (2019)NitrosketchProceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication10.1145/3341302.3342076(334-350)Online publication date: 19-Aug-2019
  • (2019)Cardinality Estimation in a Virtualized Network Device Using Online Machine LearningIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2019.294070527:5(2098-2110)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2019
  • (2019)Dynamic Sketch: Efficient and Adjustable Heavy Hitter Detection for Software Packet Processing2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)10.1109/CloudNet47604.2019.9064148(1-7)Online publication date: Nov-2019
  • (2018)Accelerating network measurement in softwareACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review10.1145/3276799.327680048:3(2-12)Online publication date: 7-Sep-2018
  • (2018)SketchlearnProceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication10.1145/3230543.3230559(576-590)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2018
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media