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Pion and kaon structure at the electron-ion collider

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Abstract.

Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Institute of Physics “Gled Wataghin”, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Arlene C. Aguilar

  2. University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Zafir Ahmed & Garth M. Huber

  3. University of Michigan, 48109-1040, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Christine Aidala

  4. Catholic University of America, 20064, Washington, DC, USA

    Salina Ali, Vladimir Berdnikov, Tanja Horn, Ian L. Pegg & Richard Trotta

  5. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA

    Vincent Andrieux & Jen-Chieh Peng

  6. CERN, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland

    Vincent Andrieux

  7. Argonne National Laboratory, 60439, Lemont, IL, USA

    John Arrington, Paul Reimer & Zhihong Ye

  8. Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio C-3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58040, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Adnan Bashir

  9. European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) and Fondazione Bruno Kessler Villa Tambosi, Strada delle Tabarelle 286, I-38123, Villazzano (TN), Italy

    Daniele Binosi & Minghui Ding

  10. School of Physics, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China

    Lei Chang, Muyang Chen, Minghui Ding & Khépani Raya

  11. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany

    Chen Chen

  12. Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional - LFTC, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul / Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, 01506-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    João Pacheco B. C. de Melo

  13. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 23606, Newport News, VA, USA

    Markus Diefenthaler, Rolf Ent, Cynthia Keppel, Victor Mokeev, Kijun Park, David G. Richards, Nobuo Sato, Arun Tadepalli & Rikutaro Yoshida

  14. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 12.228-900, São José dos Campos, Brazil

    Tobias Frederico

  15. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Fei Gao

  16. University of South Carolina, 29208, Columbia, SC, USA

    Ralf W. Gothe

  17. Old Dominion University, 23529, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Mohammad Hattawy

  18. Southern Methodist University, 75275-0175, Dallas, TX, USA

    Timothy J. Hobbs & Pavel Nadolsky

  19. Iowa State University, 50011, Ames, IA, USA

    Shaoyang Jia

  20. Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Gastão Krein

  21. Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Huey-Wen Lin

  22. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, P. le A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy

    Cédric Mezrag

  23. University of Glasgow, G128QQ, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

    Rachel Montgomery

  24. IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Hervé Moutarde & Stephane Platchkov

  25. Department of Theoretical Physics and IFIC, University of Valencia and CSIC, E-46100, Valencia, Spain

    Joannis Papavassiliou

  26. Department of Physics, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China

    Si-Xue Qin

  27. School of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Craig D. Roberts

  28. Institute for Nonperturbative Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Craig D. Roberts

  29. Department of Integrated Sciences and Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics, Mathematics and Computation, University of Huelva, E-21071, Huelva, Spain

    Jose Rodríguez-Quintero

  30. Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, D-52425, Jülich, Germany

    Sebastian M. Schmidt

  31. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain

    Jorge Segovia

  32. College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023, Nanjing, China

    Shu-Sheng Xu

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  1. Arlene C. Aguilar
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  40. Paul Reimer
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  44. Nobuo Sato
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  50. Rikutaro Yoshida
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  51. Shu-Sheng Xu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Craig D. Roberts.

Additional information

Communicated by N. Alamanos

Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors' comment: All data generated during this study are contained in this published article.]

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Aguilar, A.C., Ahmed, Z., Aidala, C. et al. Pion and kaon structure at the electron-ion collider. Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 190 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12885-0

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