Abstract
Chemistry climate models of the gas composition of the atmosphere make it possible to simulate both space and time variations in atmospheric trace-gas components (TGCs) and predict their changes. Both verification and improvement of such models on the basis of a comparison with experimental data are of great importance. Data obtained from the 2009–2012 ground-based spectrometric measurements of the total contents (TCs) of a number of TGCs (ozone, HNO3, HCl, and NO2) in the atmosphere over the St. Petersburg region (Petergof station, St. Petersburg State University) have been compared to analogous EMAC model data. Both daily and monthly means of their TCs for this period have been analyzed in detail. The seasonal dependences of the TCs of the gases under study are shown to be adequately reproduced by the EMAC model. At the same time, a number of disagreements (including systematic ones) have been revealed between model and measurement data. Thus, for example, the EMAC model underestimates the TCs of NO2, HCl, and HNO3, when compared to measurement data, on average, by 14, 22, and 35%, respectively. However, the TC of ozone is overestimated by the EMAC model (on average, by 12%) when compared to measurement data. In order to reveal the reasons for such disagreements between simulated and measured data on the TCs of TGCs, it is necessary to continue studies on comparisons of the contents of TGCs in different atmospheric layers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 50 (WMO, Geneva, 2007).
V. Eyring, N. R. P. Harris, M. Rex, et al., “A strategy for process-oriented validation of coupled chemistry–climate models,” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 86 (13), 1117–1133 (2005).
WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2002. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 47 (WMO, Geneva, 2003).
SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry–Climate Models, SPARC Report No. 5, WCRP-132, WMO/TD1526, Ed. by V. Eyring, T. G. Shepherd, and D. W. Waugh (SPARC, 2010).
V. Eyring, N. Butchart, D. W. Waugh, et al., “Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry–climate model simulations of the recent past,” J. Geophys. Res. 11 (D22308) (2006). doi 22310.21029/22006JD007327
P. Jöckel, H. Tost, A. Pozzer, et al., “The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1: Consistent simulation of ozone from the surface to the mesosphere,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6 (12), 5067–5104 (2006). doi 10.5194/acp-6-5067-2006
Ya. A. Virolainen, Yu. M. Timofeev, A. V. Poberovskii, et al., “Chlorine nitrate in the atmosphere over St. Petersburg,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 51 (1), 49–56 (2015).
M. V. Makarova, O. Kirner, Yu. M. Timofeev, et al., “Analysis of methane total column variations in the atmosphere near St. Petersburg using ground-based measurements and simulations,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 51 (2), 177–185 (2015).
M. J. Molina and F. S. Rowland, “Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone,” Nature 249 (5460), 810–812 (1974).
T. Peter, “Microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds,” Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48, 785–822 (1997). doi 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.785
A. V. Poberovskii, “High-Resolution ground measurements of the IR spectra of solar radiation,” Atmos. Oceanic Opt. 23 (2), 161–163 (2010).
H. Norton and R. Beer, “New apodizing functions for Fourier spectrometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66 (3), 259–264 (1976).
F. Hase, J. W. Hannigan, M. T. Coffey, et al., “Intercomparison of retrieval codes used for the analysis of high-resolution ground-based FTIR measurements,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 87 (1), 25–52 (2010).
A. V. Poberovskii, M. V. Makarova, A. V. Rakitin, et al., “Variability of the total column amounts of climate influencing gases obtained from ground-based highresolution spectroscope measurements,” Dokl., Earth Sci. 432 (1), 656–659 (2010).
L. Lait, P. Newman, and R. Schoeberl, Using the Goddard Automailer, 2005. http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Dataservices.
M. Park, W. J. Randel, D. E. Kinnison, et al., “Hydrocarbons in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed from ACE-FTS and comparisons with WACCM,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 118 (4), 1964–1980 (2013).
D. Phillips, “A technique for the numerical solution of certain integral equations of the first kind,” J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 9 (1), 84–97 (1962).
A. H. Tikhonov, “Solution of ill-posed problems and the method of regularization,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 151 (3), 501–504 (1963).
Ya. A. Virolainen, Yu. M. Timofeev, and A. V. Poberovskii, “Intercomparison of satellite and ground-based ozone total column measurements,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 49 (9), 993–1001 (2013).
D. V. Ionov, M. A. Kshevetskaya, Yu. M. Timofeev, et al., “Stratospheric NO2 content according to data from ground-based measurements of solar IR Radiation,” 49 (5), 519–529 (2013).
A. V. Polyakov, Yu. M. Timofeev, and A. V. Poberovskii, “Ground-based measurements of total column of hydrogen chloride in the atmosphere near St. Petersburg,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 49 (4), 411–419 (2013).
E. Roeckner, R. Brokopf, M. Esch, et al., “Sensitivity of simulated climate to horizontal and vertical resolution in the ECHAM5 atmosphere model,” J. Clim. 19, 3771–3791 (2006).
P. Jöckel, R. Sander, A. Kerkweg, et al., “Technical note: The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy)—A new approach towards earth system modeling,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5, 433–444 (2005). doi 10.5194/acp-5-433-2005
R. Kohlhepp, R. Ruhnke, M. P. Chipperfield, et al., “Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (7), 3527–3556 (2012).
R. Kohlhepp, S. Barthlott, T. Blumenstock, et al., “Trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden) in comparison with KASIMA model calculations,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11 (10), 4669–4677 (2011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © Ya.A. Virolainen, Yu.M. Timofeyev, A.V. Polyakov, D.V. Ionov, O. Kirner, A.V. Poberovskii, H.Kh. Imhasin, 2016, published in Izvestiya AN. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, 2016, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 64–73.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Virolainen, Y.A., Timofeyev, Y.M., Polyakov, A.V. et al. Comparing data obtained from ground-based measurements of the total contents of O3, HNO3,HCl, and NO2 and from their numerical simulation. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 52, 57–65 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433815060146
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433815060146