The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
The XENON1T data acquisition system
E. Aprile1, J. Aalbers2,3, F. Agostini4, M. Alfonsi5, L. Althueser6, F.D. Amaro7, V.C. Antochi2, F. Arneodo8, D. Barge2, L. Baudis9, B. Bauermeister2, L. Bellagamba4, M.L. Benabderrahmane8, T. Berger10, P. A. Breur3, A. Brown9, E. Brown10, S. Bruenner11, G. Bruno8, R. Budnik12, L. Bütikofer13, C. Capelli9, J.M.R. Cardoso7, D. Cichon11, D. Coderre13, A.P. Colijn3, J. Conrad2, J.P. Cussonneau14, M.P. Decowski3, P. de Perio1, P. Di Gangi4, A. Di Giovanni8, S. Diglio14, A. Elykov13, G. Eurin11, J. Fei15, A.D. Ferella2, A. Fieguth6, W. Fulgione16,17, P. Gaemers3, A. Gallo Rosso16, M. Galloway9, F. Gao1, M. Garbini4, L. Grandi18, Z. Greene1, C. Hasterok11, E. Hogenbirk3, J. Howlett1, M. Iacovacci19, R. Itay12, F. Joerg11, S. Kazama20, A. Kish9, M. Kobayashi1, G. Koltman12, A. Kopec21, H. Landsman12, R.F. Lang21, L. Levinson12, Q. Lin1, S. Lindemann13, M. Lindner11, F. Lombardi7,15, J.A.M. Lopes7, E. López Fune22, C. Macolino23, J. Mahlstedt2, A. Manfredini9,12, F. Marignetti19, T. Marrodán Undagoitia11, J. Masbou14, D. Masson21, S. Mastroianni19, M. Messina8,16, K. Micheneau14, K. Miller18, A. Molinario16, K. Morå2, Y. Mosbacher12, M. Murra6, J. Naganoma16,24, K. Ni15, U. Oberlack5, K. Odgers10, B. Pelssers2, R. Peres7,9, F. Piastra9, J. Pienaar18, V. Pizzella11, G. Plante1, R. Podviianiuk16, H. Qiu12, D. Ramírez García13, S. Reichard9, B. Riedel18, A. Rocchetti13, N. Rupp11, J.M.F. dos Santos7, G. Sartorelli4, N. Šarčević13, M. Scheibelhut5, S. Schindler5, J. Schreiner11, D. Schulte6, M. Schumann13, L. Scotto Lavina22, M. Selvi4, P. Shagin24, E. Shockley18, M. Silva7, H. Simgen11, C. Therreau14, D. Thers14, F. Toschi13, G. Trinchero17, C.D. Tunnell24, N. Upole18, M. Vargas6, G. Volta9, O. Wack11, H. Wang25, Y. Wei15, C. Weinheimer6, D. Wenz5, C. Wittweg6, J. Wulf9, J. Ye15, Y. Zhang1, T. Zhu1, J.P. Zopounidis22, for the XENON collaboration1, M. Pieracci26 and C. Tintori26
The XENON1T liquid xenon time projection chamber is the most sensitive detector built to date for the measurement of direct interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with normal matter. The data acquisition system (DAQ) is constructed from commercial, open source, and custom components to digitize signals from the detector and store them for later analysis. The system achieves an extremely low signal threshold by triggering each channel independently, achieving a single photoelectron acceptance of (93 ± 3)%, and deferring the global trigger to a later, software stage. The event identification is based on MongoDB database queries and has over 98% efficiency at recognizing interactions at the analysis threshold in the center of the target. A readout bandwidth over 300 MB/s is reached in calibration modes and is further expandable via parallelization. This DAQ system was successfully used during three years of operation of XENON1T.