Abstract
Adaptive hypermedia is a relatively new direction of research on the crossroads of hypermedia and user modeling. Adaptive hypermedia systems build a model of the goals, preferences and knowledge of each individual user, and use this model throughout the interaction with the user, in order to adapt to the needs of that user. The goal of this paper is to present the state of the art in adaptive hypermedia at the eve of the year 2000, and to highlight some prospects for the future. This paper attempts to serve both the newcomers and the experts in the area of adaptive hypermedia by building on an earlier comprehensive review (Brusilovsky, 1996; Brusilovsky, 1998).
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Akolulchina, I. and Ganascia, J.-G.: 1997, SATELITE-Agent: An adaptive interface agent based on learning interface agent technology. In: A. Jameson, C. Paris and C. Tasso (eds.): Proceedings of 6th International Conference on User Modeling. Wien: SpringerWien NewYork, pp. 22-32.
Ardissono, L. and Goy, A.: 1999, Tailoring the interaction with users of electronic shops. In: J. Kay (ed.) Proceedings of 7th International Conference on User Modeling, UM99. Wien: SpringerWienNewYork, pp. 35-44.
Asnicar, F. A. and Tasso, C.: 1997, ifWeb: A prototype of user model-based intelligent agent for document altering and navigation in the World Wide Web. Proceedings of Workshop ‘Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web’ at 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97, Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 3-11, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/UM97_workshop/Tasso/Tasso.html.
Balabanovic, M. and Shoham, Y.: 1997, Fab: content-based collaborative recommendation. Communications of the ACM 40 (3), 66-72.
Barrett, R. and Maglio, P. P.: 1998, Intermediaries: New places for producing and manipulating Web content. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 30 (1–7).
Bertoletti, A. C. and da Rocha Costa, C.: 1999, SAGRES–A Virtual Museum. Proceedings of Museums and the Web, New Orleans, LA, USA, Available online at http://www.archimuse.com/mw99/papers/bertoletti/bertoletti.html.
Billsus, D., Pazzani, M. J. and Chen, J.: 2000, A learning agent for wireless news access. Proceedings of 2000 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, New Orleans, LA, pp. 94-97.
BÖcker, H.-D., Hohl, H. and Schwab, T.: 1990, γπAdaptερ–Individualizing Hypertext. In: D. Diaper (ed.) Proceedings of IFIP TC13 Third International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 931-936.
Bollen, J. and Heylighen, F.: 1998, A system to restructure hypertext networks into valid user models. The New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 189-213.
Brusilovsky, P.: 1996, Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 6(2–3), 87-129.
Brusilovsky, P.: 1998, Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. In: P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa and J. Vassileva (eds.): Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 1-43.
Brusilovsky, P. and Beaumont, I. (eds.): 1994, Proceedings of the Workshop ‘Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia at 4th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97’ Hyannis, MA
Brusilovsky, P. and Cooper, D. W.: 1999, ADAPTS: Adaptive hypermedia for a Web-based performance support system, Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on WWW at 8th International Word Wide Web Conference and 7-th International Conference on User Modeling, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 41-47.
Brusilovsky, P. and De Bra, P.: 1998, Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia at Ninth ACM International Hypertext Conference Hypertext '98, Computer Science Report 98/12, Eindhoven University of Technology, Available online at http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/ah98/Proceedings.html
Brusilovsky, P. and De Bra, P.: 1999, Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on WWW at 8th International World Wide Web Conference and 7th International Conference on User Modeling. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, Available online at http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/ asum99/contents.html
Brusilovsky, P., Eklund, J. and Schwarz, E.: 1998a, Web-based education for all: A tool for developing adaptive courseware. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 30(1–7), 291-300.
Brusilovsky, P., Fink, J. and Kay, J. (eds.): 1997a, Proceedings of the Workshop ‘Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web’ at 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97. Sardinia, Italy: Carnegie Mellon Online
Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A. and Vassileva, J. (eds.): 1998b, Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Brusilovsky, P., Pesin, L. and Zyryanov, M.: 1993, Towards an adaptive hypermedia component for an intelligent learning environment. In: L. J. Bass, J. Gornostaev and C. Unger (eds.): Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, EWHCI'93. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 753, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 348-358.
Brusilovsky, P., Ritter, S. and Schwarz, E.: 1997b, Distributed intelligent tutoring on the Web. In: B. du Boulay and R. Mizoguchi (eds.): Proceedings of AI-ED'97, 8thWorld Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Amsterdam: IOS, pp. 482-489. Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/AIED97_workshop/Brusilovsky/Brusilovsky.html
Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz E. and Weber G.: 1996a, ELM-ART: An intelligent tutoring system on World Wide Web. In: C. Frasson, G. Gauthier and A. Lesgold (eds.): Proceedings of Third International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, ITS-96. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1086, Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 261-269.
Brusilovsky, P., Schwarz, E. and Weber G.: 1996b, A tool for developing adaptive electronic textbooks on WWW. Proceedings of WebNet'96, World Conference of the Web Society, San Francisco, CA, pp. 64-69, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/_plb/WebNet96.html.
Brusilovsky, P. and Weber G.: 1996, Collaborative example selection in an intelligent example-based programming environment. Proceedings of International Conference on Learning Sciences, ICLS'96, Evanston, IL, USA, pp. 357-362, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/papers/icls96.html.
Carro, R. M., Pulido E. and Rodrígues P.: 1999, TANGOW: Task-based Adaptive learNer Guidance on the WWW. Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 49-57.
Carver, C. A., Howard R. A. and Lavelle E.: 1996, Enhancing student learning by incorporating student learning styles into adaptive hypermedia. Proceedings of ED-MEDIA'96–World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, Boston, MA, pp. 118-123.
Danielson, R.: 1997, Learning styles, media preferences, and adaptive education. Proceedings of Workshop ‘Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web’ at 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97, Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 31-35, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/UM97_workshop/Danielson.html.
De Bra, P. and Calvi L.: 1998, AHA! An open Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture. The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 4, 115-139.
De Bra, P. M. E.: 1996, Teaching Hypertext and Hypermedia through the Web. Journal of Universal Computer Science 2(12), 797-804.
de Carolis, B., de Rosis, F., Andreoli, C., Cavallo, V. and De Cicco, M. L.: 1998, The dynamic generation of hypertext presentations of medical guidelines. New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 67-88.
de La Passardiere, B. and Dufresne, A.: 1992, Adaptive navigational tools for educational hypermedia. In: I. Tomek (ed.) Proceedings of ICCAL'92, 4-th International Conference on Computers and Learning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 555-567.
Debevc, M., Meyer, B., and Rajko, S.: 1997, An adaptive short list for documents on the World Wide Web. Proceedings of 1997 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Orlando, Florida, pp. 209-212.
Eliot, C., Neiman, D. and Lamar, M.: 1997, Medtec: A Web-based intelligent tutor for basic anatomy. Proceedings of WebNet'97, World Conference of the WWW, Internet and Intranet, Toronto, Canada, pp. 161-165.
Encarnação, L. M. and Stoev, S. L.: 1999, An application-independent intelligent user support system exploiting action-sequence based user modeling. In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on User Modeling. Wien: SpringerWien NewYork, 245-254.
Fink, J., Kobsa, A. and Nill, A.: 1998, Adaptable and adaptive information provision for all users, including disabled and elderly people. The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 4, 163-188.
Fischer, G., Mastaglio, T., Reeves, B. and Rieman, J.: 1990, Minimalist explanations in knowledge-based systems. Proceedings of 23-th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kailua-Kona, HI, pp. 309-317.
Francisco-Revilla, L. and Shipman, F. M. III: 2000, Adaptive medical information delivery: combining user, task, and situation models. Proceedings of 2000 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, New Orleans, LA, pp. 94-97.
Fu, X., Budzik, J. and Hammond, K. J.: 2000, Mining navigation history for recommendation. Proceedings of 2000 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, New Orleans, LA, pp. 106-112.
Garlatti, S., Iksal, S. and Kervella, P.: 1999, Adaptive on-line information system by means of a task model and spatial views Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 59-66.
Gates, K. F., Lawhead, P. B. and Wilkins, D. E.: 1998, Toward and adaptive WWW: a case study in customized hypermedia. New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 89-113.
Geldof, S.: 1998, Con-textual navigation support. New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 47-66.
Gilbert, J. E. and Han C. Y.: 1999, Arthur: Adapting Instruction to Accommodate Learning Style. Proceedings of WebNet'99, World Conference of the WWW and Internet, Honolulu, HI, pp. 433-438.
Henze, N., Naceur, K., Nejdl, W. and Wolpers, M.: 1999, Adaptive hyperbooks for constructivist teaching. Ku#x00FC;nstliche Intelligenz, 26-31.
Hirashima, T., Matsuda, N., Nomoto, T., and Toyoda, J. i.: 1998, Context-sensitive filtering for browing in hypertext. Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI'98, San Francisco, CA, pp. 21-28.
Hirashima, T. and Nomoto, T.: 1999, Context-Sensitive Filtering for Browsing on Web Pages. Proceedings of WebNet'99, World Conference of the WWW and Internet, Honolulu, HI, pp. 1294-1295.
Hirst, G., DiMarco, C., Hovy, E. and Parsons, K.: 1997, Authoring and generating health education documents that are tailored to the needs of the individual patient. In: A. Jameson, C. Paris and C. Tasso (eds.): Proceedings of 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97. Wien: SpringerWien NewYork, pp. 108-118.
Hockemeyer, C., Held T., and Albert, D.: 1998, RATH–A relational adaptive tutoring hypertext WWW-environment based on knowledge space theory. Proceedings of CALISCE'98, 4th International conference on Computer Aided Learning and Instruction in Science and Engineering, Göteborg, Sweden, pp. 417-423.
Höök, K., Rudström, Å. and Waern, A.: 1997, Edited adaptive hypermedia: Combining human and machine intelligence to achieve filtered information. Proceedings of Flexible Hypertext Workshop at the Eight ACM International Hypertext Conference (Hypertext'97), Southampton, UK, pp. 54-58, Available online at http://www.sics.se/~kia/papers/edinfo.html.
Hothi, J. and Hall, W.: 1998, An Evaluation of Adapted Hypermedia Techniques Using Static User Modelling. Proceedings of Second Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia Workshop at the Ninth ACM International Hypertext Conference Hypertext'98, Pittsburgh, PA. Computing Science Reports 98/12, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 45-50.
Joachims, T., Freitag, D. and Mitchell, T.: 1997, WebWatcher: A tour guide for the World Wide Web. Proceedings of 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'97, pp. 770-775.
Joerding, T.: 1999, A temporary user modeling approach for adaptive shopping on the Web. Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 75-79.
Kaplan, C., Fenwick, J., and Chen, J.: 1993, Adaptive hypertext navigation based on user goals and context. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 3(3), 193-220.
Kayama, M. and Okamoto, T.: 1998, A mechanism for knowledge-navigation in hyperspace with neural networks to support exploring activities. Proceedings of Workshop ‘Current Trends and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Education’ at the 4th World Congress on Expert Systems, Mexico City, Mexico, pp. 41-48.
Kayama, M. and Okamoto, T.: 1999, Hy-SOM: The semantic map framework applied on an example case of navigation. In: G. Cumming, T. Okamoto and L. Gomez (eds.): Proceedings of ICCE'99, 7th International Conference on Computers in Education. Frontiers ub Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 2, Amsterdam: IOS Press, pp. 252-259.
Keller, R. M., Wolfe, S. R., Chen, J. R., Rabinowitz, J. L. and Mathe, N.: 1997, A bookmarking service for organizing and sharing URLs. Proceedings of Sixth International World Wide Web Conference, Santa Clara, CA.
Kobsa, A.: 2001, Generic user modeling systems. UserModeling and UserAdapted Interaction 11(1–2), 49-63 (this issue).
Kobsa, A., Koenemann, J. and Pohl, W.: 1999, Personalized hypermedia presentation techniques for improving online customer relationships. Technical report No. 66 GMD, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany.
Laroussi, M. and Benahmed, M.: 1998, Providing an adaptive learning through the Web case of CAMELEON: Computer Aided MEdium for LEarning on Networks. Proceedings of CALISCE'98, 4th International conference on Computer Aided Learning and Instruction in Science and Engineering, Göteborg, Sweden, pp. 411-416.
Li, W.-S., Vu, Q., Agrawal, D., Hara Y. and Takano, H.: 1999, PowerBookmarks: a system for perzonalizable Web information organization, sharing, and management. Proceedings of 8th International World Wide Web Conference, Toronto, Canada, pp. 297-311.
Lieberman, H.: 1995, Letizia: An agent that assists Web browsing. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,Montreal, pp. 924-929.
Marchand, Y. and Guerin, J.-L.: 1996, Nestor: A Trail Blazer for Hypertext. Proceedings of ICTAI'96, IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, pp. 420-425.
Marinilli, M., Micarelli, A. and Sciarrone, F.: 1999, A case-based approach to adaptive information filtering for the WWW Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems and UserModeling on the World Wide Web, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 81-87.
Micarelli, A. and Sciarrone, F.: 1996, A case-based system for adaptive hypermedia navigation. In: I. Smith and B. Faltings (eds.): Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 266-279.
Milosavljevic, M.: 1997, Augmenting the user's knowledge via comparison. In: A. Jameson, C. Paris and C. Tasso (eds.): Proceedings of 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97. Wien: SpringerWienNewYork, pp. 119-130.
Milosavljevic, M.: 1998, Electronic Commerce via Personalised Virtual Electronic Catalogues. Proceedings of 2nd Annual CollECTeR Workshop on Electronic Commerce (CollECTeR'98), Sydney, Australia, Available online at http://www.dynamicmultimedia.com.au/papers/collecter98/.
Milosavljevic, M., Brusilovsky, P., Moore, J. D., Oberlander, J. and Stock, O. (eds.): 1997, Proceedings of the Flexible Hypertext Workshop at Hypertext'97, the Eighth ACM International Hypertext Conference, April 6–11 1997. Southampton, UK. Macquarie University Technical Report C/TR97-06.
Milosavljevic, M., Dale, R., Green, S. J., Paris, C. and Williams, S.: 1998, Virtual Museums on the Information Superhighway: Prospects and Potholes. Proceedings of CIDOC'98, the Annual Conference of the International Committee for Documentation of the International Council of Museums, Melbourne, Australia.
Milosavljevic, M. and Oberlander, J.: 1998, Dynamic hypertext catalogues: Helping users to help themselves. Proceedings of Ninth ACM International Hypertext Conference (Hypertext'98), Pittsburgh, USA, pp. 123-131.
Mladenic, D.: 1996, Personal WebWatcher: Implementation and Design, Technical Report IJS-DP-7472, Department of Intelligent Systems, J. Stefan Institute, Available online at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/theo-4/text-learning/www/pww/papers/PWW/-pwwTR.ps.Z.
Montebello, M., Gray, W. A. and Hurley, S.: 1997, A Personal Evolvable Advisor for WWW Knowledge-Based Systems. Proceedings of Workshop on Reuse of Web information at the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference, Brisbane, Australia, Available online at http://www.mel.dit.csiro.au/~vercous/REUSE/pos7/index.html.
Murray, T., Condit, C. and Haugsjaa, E.: 1998, MetaLinks: A preliminary framework for concept-based adaptive hypermedia'. Proceedings of Workshop ‘WWW-Based Tutoring’ at 4th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS'98), San Antonio, TX, Available online at http://www-aml.cs.umass.edu/~stern/webits/itsworksho p/murray.html.
Negro, A., Scarano, V. and Simari, R.: 1998, User adaptivity on WWW through CHEOPS Proceedings of Second Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia Workshop at the Ninth ACM International Hypertext Conference Hypertext'98, Pittsburgh, PA. Computing Science Reports 98/12, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 57-62.
Neumann, G. and Zirvas, J.: 1998, SKILL–A scallable internet-based teaching and learning system. Proceedings of WebNet'98, World Conference of the WWW, Internet, and Intranet, Orlando, FL, pp. 688-693, Available online at http://nestroy.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/Forschung/Publikationen/skill-webnet98.ps.
Newell, S. C.: 1997, User models and filtering agents for improved internet information retrieval. User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 7(4), 223-237.
Not, E., Petrelli, D., Sarini, M., Stock, O., Strapparava, C. and Zancanaro, M.: 1998, Hypernavigation in the physical space: adapting presentation to the user and to the situational context. New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 33-45.
Oberlander, J., O'Donell, M., Mellish, C. and Knott, A.: 1998, Conversation in the museum: experiments in dynamic hypermedia with the intelligent labeling explorer. The New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia 4, 11-32.
Oppermann, R. and Specht, M.: 1999, Adaptive Information for Nomadic Activities. A process oriented approach. Proceedings of Software Ergonomie '99, Walldorf, Germany, pp. 255-264.
Paterno, F. and Mancini, C.: 1999, Designing Web User Interfaces Adaptable to Different Types of Use. Proceedings of Museums and the Web, New Orleans, LA, USA, Available online at http://www.archimuse.com/mw99/papers/paterno/paterno.html.
Pazzani, M., Muramatsu, J. and Billsus, D.: 1996, Syskill and Webert: Identifying interesting Web sites. Proceedings of the Thirteen National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI'96, Portland, OR, pp. 54-61, Available online at http://www.ics.uci.edu/~pazzani/Syskill.html.
Pilar da Silva, D., Durm, R. V., Duval, E. and Olivié, H.: 1998, Concepts and documents for adaptive educational hypermedia: a model and a prototype. Proceedings of Second Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia Workshop at the Ninth ACM International Hypertext Conference Hypertext'98, Pittsburgh, PA. Computing Science Reports 98/12, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 35-43.
Rucker, J. and Polano, M. J.: 1997, Siteseer: Personalized navigation for the Web. Communications of the ACM 40(3), 73-75.
Schöch, V., Specht, M., and Weber, G.: 1998, ‘ADI’–an empirical evaluation of a tutorial agent. Proceedings of ED-MEDIA/ED-TELECOM'98–10th World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia and World Conference on Educational Telecommunications, Freiburg, Germany, pp. 1242-1247.
Schwab, I., Pohl, W. and Koychev, I.: 2000, Learning to recommend from positive evidence. Proceedings of 2000 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, New Orleans, LA, pp. 241-247.
Signore, O., Bartoli, R. and Fresta, G.: 1997, Tailoring Web pages to users' needs. Proceedings of Workshop ‘Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web’ at 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97, Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 85-90, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/UM97_workshop/Signore.html.
Specht, M. and Oppermann, R.: 1998, ACE–Adaptive Courseware Environment. The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 4, 141-161.
Specht, M., Weber, G., Heitmeyer, S. and Schoöch, V.: 1997, AST: Adaptive WWW-Courseware for Statistics. Proceedings of Workshop ‘Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on the World Wide Web’ at 6th International Conference on User Modeling, UM97, Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 91-95, Available online at http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~plb/UM97_workshop/Specht.html.
Stefani, A. and Strapparava, C.: 1999, Exploiting NLP techniques to build user model for Web sites: the use of WordNet in SiteIF. Proceedings of Second Workshop on Adaptive Systems andUser Modeling on the World Wide Web, Toronto and Banff, Canada. Computer Science Report 99-07, Eindhoven University of Technology, pp. 95-100.
Steinacker, A., Seeberg, C., Rechenberger, K., Fischer, S. and Steinmetz, R.: 1998, Dynamically generated tables of contents as guided tours in adaptive hypermedia systems. Proceedings of ED-MEDIA/ED-TELECOM'99–11th World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia and World Conference on Educational Telecommunications, Seattle, WA.
Süβ, C., Freitag B., and Brössler, P.: 1999, Meta-Modeling for Web-Based Teachware Management. In: Proceedings of ER'99 Workshop on the World-Wide Web and Conceptual Modeling. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1727, Berlin: Springer–Verlag, pp.
Webb, G. I., Pazzani, M. J. and Billsus, D.: 2001, Machine learning for user modeling. User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 11(1–2), 19-29 (this issue)
Weber, G.: 1999, ART-WEB. http://www.psychologie.uni-trier.de:8080/projects/ELM/ elm.html
Weber, G. and Specht, M.: 1997, User modeling and adaptive navigation support in WWW-based tutoring systems. In: A. Jameson, C. Paris and C. Tasso (eds.): Proceedings of 6th International Conference on User Modeling. Wien: SpringerWienNewYork, pp. 289-300. Available online at http://www.psychologie.uni-trier.de:8000/projects/ELM/ Papers/UM97-WEBER.html
Zukerman, I. and Albrecht, D. W.: 2001, Predictive statistical models for user modeling. User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 11(1–2), 5-18 (this issue).
Zukerman, I. and Litman, D.: 2001, Natural language processing and user modeling: synergies and limitations. UserModeling and User Adapted Interaction 11(1–2), 129-158 (this issue).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brusilovsky, P. Adaptive Hypermedia. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 11, 87–110 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143116306
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143116306