Abstract
This paper presents SymmSketch—a system for creating symmetric 3D free-form shapes from 2D sketches. The reconstruction task usually separates a 3D symmetric shape into two types of shape components, that is, the self-symmetric shape component and the mutual-symmetric shape components. Each type can be created in an intuitive manner. Using a uniform symmetry plane, the user first draws 2D sketch lines for each shape component on a sketching plane. The z-depth information of the hand-drawn input sketches can be calculated using their property of mirror symmetry to generate 3D construction curves. In order to provide more freedom for controlling the local geometric features of the reconstructed free-form shapes (e.g., non-circular cross-sections), our modeling system creates each shape component from four construction curves. Using one pair of symmetric curves and one pair of general curves, an improved cross-sectional surface blending scheme is applied to generate a parametric surface for each component. The final symmetric free-form shape is progressively created, and is represented by 3D triangular mesh. Experimental results illustrate that our system can generate complex symmetric free-form shapes effectively and conveniently.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Blair, P. Advanced Animation. Walter T. Foster Publisher, 1949.
Olsen, L.; Samavati, F. F.; Sousa, M. C.; Jorge, J. A. Sketch-based modeling: A survey. Computers & Graphics Vol. 33, No. 1, 85–103, 2009.
Gingold, Y.; Igarashi, T.; Zorin, D. Structured annotations for 2D-to-3D modeling. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 28, No. 5, Article No. 148, 2009.
Shtof, A.; Agathos, A.; Gingold, Y.; Shamir, A.; Cohen-Or, D. Geosemantic snapping for sketch-based modeling. Computer Graphics Forum Vol. 32, No. 2, 245–253, 2013.
Company, P.; Piquer, A.; Contero, M.; Naya, F. A survey on geometrical reconstruction as a core technology to sketch-based modeling. Computers & Graphics Vol. 29, No. 6, 892–904, 2005.
Zeleznik, R. C.; Herndon, K. P.; Hughes, J. F. SKETCH: An interface for sketching 3D scenes. In: Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 163–170, 1996.
Igarashi, T.; Matsuoka, S.; Tanaka, H. Teddy: A sketching interface for 3D freeform design. In: Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 409–416, 1999.
Schmidt, R.; Wyvill, B.; Sousa, M. C.; Jorge, J. A. ShapeShop: Sketchbased solid modeling with BlobTrees. In: Proceedings of the 2nd EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, 53–62, 2005.
Karpenko, O. A.; Hughes, J. F. SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 25, No. 3, 589–598, 2006.
Nealen, A.; Igarashi, T.; Sorkin, O.; Alexa, M. FiberMesh: Designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 26, No. 3, Article No. 41, 2007.
Bae, S.-H.; Balakrishnan, R.; Singh, K. ILoveSketch: As-natural-as-possible sketching system for creating 3d curve models. In: Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, 151–160, 2008.
Borosan, P.; Jin, M.; DeCarlo, D.; Gingold, Y.; Nealen, A. RigMesh: Automatic rigging for part-based shape modeling and deformation. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 31, No. 6, Article No. 198, 2012.
Xu, K.; Chen, K.; Fu, H.; Sun, W.-L.; Hu, S.-M. Sketch2Scene: Sketch-based co-retrieval and co-placement of 3D models. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 32, No. 4, Article No. 123, 2013.
Levi, Z.; Gotsman, C. ArtiSketch: A system for articulated sketch modeling. Computer Graphics Forum Vol. 32, No. 2, 235–244, 2013.
Bae, S.-H.; Kijima, R.; Kim, W.-S. Digital styling for designers: 3D plane-symmetric freeform curve creation using sketch interface. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 2669, 701–710, 2003.
Piquer, A.; Martin, R.; Company, P. Skewed mirror symmetry for depth estimation in 3d line-drawings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 3088, 142–153, 2004.
Chen, X.; Kang, S. B.; Xu, Y.-Q.; Dorsey, J.; Shum, H.-Y. Sketching reality: Realistic interpretation of architectural designs. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 27, No. 2, Article No. 11, 2008.
Cheon, S.-U.; Han, S. A template-based reconstruction of plane-symmetric 3D models from freehand sketches. Computer-Aided Design Vol. 40, No. 9, 975–986, 2008.
Cordier, F.; Seo, H.; Park, J.; Noh, J. Sketching of mirror-symmetric shapes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Vol. 17, No. 11, 1650–1662, 2011.
Andre, A.; Saito, S. Single-view sketch based modeling. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, 133–140, 2011.
Mitani, J.; Suzuki, H.; Kimura, F. 3D sketch: Sketchbased model reconstruction and rendering. In: From Geometric Modeling to Shape Modeling. Cuguni, U.; Wozny, M. Eds. Norwell, MA, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 85–98, 2002.
Varley, P. A. C.; Takahashi, Y.; Mitani, J.; Suzuki, H. A two-stage approach for interpreting line drawings of curved objects. In: Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, 117–126, 2004.
Nealen, A.; Sorkine, O.; Alexa, M.; Cohen-Or, D. A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 24, No. 3, 1142–1147, 2005.
Masry, M.; Lipson, H. A sketch-based interface for iterative design and analysis of 3D objects. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses, Article No. 31, 2007.
Li, Y.; Pizlo, Z.; Steinman, R. M. A computational model that recovers the 3D shape of an object from a single 2D retinal representation. Vision Research Vol. 49, No. 9, 979–991, 2009.
Funkhouser, T.; Min, P.; Kazhdan, M.; Chen, J.; Halderman, A.; Dobkin, D.; Jacobs, D. A search engine for 3D models. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 22, No. 1, 83–105, 2003.
Shin, H.; Igarashi, T. Magic canvas: Interactive design of a 3-D scene prototype from freehand sketches. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 63–70, 2007.
Lee, J.; Funkhouser, T. Sketch-based search and composition of 3D models. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, 97–104, 2008.
Li, Z.; Liu, J.; Tang, X. A closed-form solution to 3D reconstruction of piecewise planar objects from single images. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1–6, 2007.
Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Liu, J.; Tang, X. 3D reconstruction of curved objects from single 2D line drawings. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1834–1841, 2009.
Xue, T.; Liu, J.; Tang, X. 3-D modeling from a single view of a symmetric object. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Vol. 21, No. 9, 4180–4189, 2012.
Chen, T.; Zhu, Z.; Shamir, A.; Hu, S.-M.; Cohen-Or, D. 3-sweep: Extracting editable objects from a single photo. ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 32, No. 6, Article No. 195, 2013.
Öztireli, A. C.; Uyumaz, U.; Popa, T.; Sheffer, A.; Gross, M. 3D modeling with a symmetric sketch. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, 23–30, 2011.
Cordier, F.; Seo, H.; Melkemi, M.; Sapidis, N. S. Inferring mirror symmetric 3D shapes from sketches. Computer-Aided Design Vol. 45, No. 2, 301–311, 2013.
Farin, G. Curves and Surfaces for CAGD: A Practical Guide, 5th edn. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2002.
Severn, A.; Samavati, F. F.; Cherlin, J. J.; Sousa, M. S.; Jorge, J. A. Sketch-based modeling and assembling with few strokes. In: Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling. Jorge, J.; Samavati, F. Eds. London, UK: Springer, 255–286, 2011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Feixia Hu is a master’s degree candidate in the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, China. His research interests include computer graphics, visual media computing, and 3D reconstruction.
Xudong Zhang is a faculty member of the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, China. His research interests include computer graphics, visual media computing, and computer vision.
Jiazhou Chen is a lecturer in the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, China. Before that, he was a joint Ph.D. student between Bordeaux University (INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest), France and Zhejiang University (the State Key Lab. of CAD & CG at Zhejiang University), China. He obtained the French doctoral diploma from Bordeaux University in July 2012, and also obtained the Chinese doctoral diploma from Zhejiang University in December 2012. His research interests include computer graphics, image and video stylization, augmented reality, and visual media computing.
Renato Pajarola received a Dr. Sc. Techn. in computer science in 1998 from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich. After a postdoc in the Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center at Georgia Tech., he joined the University of California Irvine in 1999 as an assistant professor where he founded the Computer Graphics Lab. He is a now full professor in the Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland. His research interests include real-time 3D graphics, scientific visualization, and interactive 3D multimedia.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Miao, Y., Hu, F., Zhang, X. et al. SymmSketch: Creating symmetric 3D free-form shapes from 2D sketches. Comp. Visual Media 1, 3–16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-015-0002-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-015-0002-8