Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Advancements of highly efficient perovskite based tandem solar cells

高效钙钛矿基叠层太阳能电池的研究进展

  • Reviews
  • Special Issue: 2025 Emerging Investigator Issue
  • Published:
Science China Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of perovskite solar cells, with their power conversion efficiency increasing from an initial 3.8% to over 26%, approaching the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit for single-junction solar cells. Multijunction solar cells have garnered significant attention due to their tremendous potential to surpass the S-Q limit by reducing thermalization losses and wide light harvesting. The wide bandgap tunability of metal halide perovskite materials makes them highly suitable for sub-cells in tandem solar cells (TSCs). Currently, LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd. in China has set a world record efficiency of 34.6% based on a dual-junction perovskitesilicon TSCs, far surpassing the single-junction efficiencies of each sub-cell. Consequently, perovskite based TSCs are widely regarded as the next-generation photovoltaic products in the solar industry. Despite the significant efficiency improvements, several challenges still impede the commercial application of perovskite based TSCs, such as the instability of perovskite materials and difficulties in achieving large-scale production. This review summarizes the progresses and optimization strategies of perovskite based TSCs. This review also identifies the critical issues hindering multijunction solar cells. Finally, the potential solutions to address these challenges are proposed to advance the development of perovskite based TSCs.

摘要

过去十年, 钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)发展迅速, 其光电转换效率 从最初的3.8%提升至超过26%, 接近单结太阳能电池的Shockley-Queisser (S-Q)极限. 多结太阳能电池因其在减少热化损失和实现宽光谱吸 收方面的巨大潜力, 而受到广泛关注, 有望突破S-Q极限. 金属卤化物 钙钛矿材料具有宽带隙可调性, 使其非常适合作为叠层太阳能电池 (TSC)中的子电池材料. 目前, 中国隆基绿能科技股份有限公司的双结 钙钛矿-硅叠层太阳能电池创造了34.6%的世界纪录效率, 远超各子电 池的单结效率. 因此, 基于钙钛矿的叠层太阳能电池被广泛认为是下一 代太阳能行业的光伏产品. 尽管效率取得了显著提高, 但钙钛矿叠层太 阳能电池的商业化应用仍面临若干挑战, 例如钙钛矿材料的稳定性问 题和大规模生产的难度. 本综述总结了钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池的研究 进展及优化策略, 并指出了多结太阳能电池面临的关键问题. 最后, 本 文提出了可能的解决方案, 以推进钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池的发展.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shockley W, Queisser HJ. Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J Appl Phys, 1961, 32: 510–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nozik AJ, Beard MC, Luther JM, et al. Semiconductor quantum dots and quantum dot arrays and applications of multiple exciton generation to third-generation photovoltaic solar cells. Chem Rev, 2010, 110: 6873–6890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Nguyen DT, Lombez L, Gibelli F, et al. Quantitative experimental assessment of hot carrier-enhanced solar cells at room temperature. Nat Energy, 2018, 3: 236–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Luque A, Martí A, Stanley C. Understanding intermediate-band solar cells. Nat Photon, 2012, 6: 146–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Meillaud F, Shah A, Droz C, et al. Efficiency limits for single-junction and tandem solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2006, 90: 2952–2959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lal NN, Dkhissi Y, Li W, et al. Perovskite tandem solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7: 1602761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Saki Z, Byranvand MM, Taghavinia N, et al. Solution-processed perovskite thin-films: the journey from lab- to large-scale solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14: 5690–5722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Xing G, Mathews N, Sun S, et al. Long-range balanced electron- and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3. Science, 2013, 342: 344–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stranks SD, Eperon GE, Grancini G, et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science, 2013, 342: 341–344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen J, Park NG. Causes and solutions of recombination in perovskite solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1803019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen J, Park NG. Materials and methods for interface engineering toward stable and efficient perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5: 2742–2786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Eperon GE, Stranks SD, Menelaou C, et al. Formamidinium lead trihalide: a broadly tunable perovskite for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 982–988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Isah M, Rahman KS, Doroody C, et al. Design optimization of CdTe/Si tandem solar cell using different transparent conducting oxides as interconnecting layers. J Alloys Compd, 2021, 870: 159351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gaspar G, Serra JM, Kern J, et al. TCAD simulation of electrical characteristics of silicon tunnel junctions for monolithically integrated silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells. In: SiliconPV 2022, the 12th International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics. Melville: AIP Publishing, 2023, 2826

    Google Scholar 

  15. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cell-efficiencies.pdf

  16. Wu S, Liu M, Jen AKY. Prospects and challenges for perovskiteorganic tandem solar cells. Joule, 2023, 7: 484–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Duan L, Walter D, Chang N, et al. Stability challenges for the commercialization of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. Nat Rev Mater, 2023, 8: 261–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jošt M, Kegelmann L, Korte L, et al. Monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells: a review of the present status and advanced characterization methods toward 30% efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10: 1904102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. https://www.longi.com/cn/news/2024-snec-silicon-perovskite-tan-dem-solar-cells-new-world-efficiency/

  20. Green MA, Dunlop ED, Yoshita M, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 64). Prog Photovoltaics, 2024, 32: 425–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Noh JH, Im SH, Heo JH, et al. Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganic–organic hybrid nanostructured solar cells. Nano Lett, 2013, 13: 1764–1769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. An Y, Zhang N, Zeng Z, et al. Optimizing crystallization in widebandgap mixed halide perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2306568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang M, Wang H, Cai W, et al. Mixed-halide inorganic perovskite solar cells: opportunities and challenges. Adv Opt Mater, 2023, 11: 2301052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Saeed A, Wang L, Miao Q. High-performance perovskite-based tandem solar cells: recent advancement, challenges, and steps toward industrialization. Sol RRL, 2024, 2400172

  25. Srivastava A, Satrughna JAK, Tiwari MK, et al. Lead metal halide perovskite solar cells: fabrication, advancement strategies, alternatives, and future perspectives. Mater Today Commun, 2023, 35: 105686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen J, Choy WCH. Efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Sol RRL, 2020, 4: 2000408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen J, Rong Y, Mei A, et al. Hole-conductor-free fully printable mesoscopic solar cell with mixed-anion perovskite CH3NH3PbI(3−x) (BF4)X. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6: 1502009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bartel CJ, Sutton C, Goldsmith BR, et al. New tolerance factor to predict the stability of perovskite oxides and halides. Sci Adv, 2019, 5: eaav0693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Fang Z, Nie T, Liu SF, et al. Overcoming phase segregation in wide-bandgap perovskites: from progress to perspective. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 2404402

  30. Maziviero FV, Melo DMA, Medeiros RLBA, et al. Advancements and prospects in perovskite solar cells: from hybrid to all-inorganic materials. Nanomaterials, 2024, 14: 332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim HS, Park NG. Future research directions in perovskite solar cells: exquisite photon management and thermodynamic phase stability. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 2204807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Xiang W, Tress W. Review on recent progress of all-inorganic metal halide perovskites and solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1902851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang T, et al. Chemically stable black phase CsPbI3 inorganic perovskites for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 2001025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tong G, Chen T, Li H, et al. Phase transition induced recrystallization and low surface potential barrier leading to 10.91%-efficient CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2019, 65: 104015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Huang J, Wang H, Jia C, et al. Advances in crystallization regulation and defect suppression strategies for all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells. Prog Mater Sci, 2024, 141: 101223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cao X, Hao L, Liu Z, et al. All green solvent engineering of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite layer for high-performance solar cells. Chem Eng J, 2022, 437: 135458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liu H, Han H, Xu J, et al. A 0D additive for flexible all-inorganic perovskite solar cells to go beyond 60 000 flexible cycles. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 2300302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sun SQ, Xu X, Sun Q, et al. All-inorganic perovskite-based monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells with 23.21% efficiency by dual-interface engineering. Adv Energy Mater, 2023, 13: 2204347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Li XY, Sun Q, Xie YM, et al. All-inorganic perovskite solar cells: modification strategies and challenges. Adv Energy Sustain Res, 2024, 5: 2300263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Zeng Q, Liu L, Xiao Z, et al. A two-terminal all-inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell. Sci Bull, 2019, 64: 885–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Xie S, Xia R, Chen Z, et al. Efficient monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells and their efficiency potential. Nano Energy, 2020, 78: 105238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Chen W, Zhang J, Xu G, et al. A semitransparent inorganic perovskite film for overcoming ultraviolet light instability of organic solar cells and achieving 14.03% efficiency. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1800855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Eperon GE, Leijtens T, Bush KA, et al. Perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps. Science, 2016, 354: 861–865

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajagopal A, Yang Z, Jo SB, et al. Highly efficient perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells reaching 80% of the theoretical limit in photovoltage. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1702140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Leijtens T, Prasanna R, Bush KA, et al. Tin–lead halide perovskites with improved thermal and air stability for efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Sustain Energy Fuels, 2018, 2: 2450–2459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lin R, Xiao K, Qin Z, et al. Monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with 24.8% efficiency exploiting comproportionation to suppress Sn(ii) oxidation in precursor ink. Nat Energy, 2019, 4: 864–873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Xiao K, Lin R, Han Q, et al. All-perovskite tandem solar cells with 24.2% certified efficiency and area over 1 cm2 using surface-anchoring zwitterionic antioxidant. Nat Energy, 2020, 5: 870–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lin R, Xu J, Wei M, et al. All-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved grain surface passivation. Nature, 2022, 603: 73–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Lin R, Wang Y, Lu Q, et al. All-perovskite tandem solar cells with 3D/ 3D bilayer perovskite heterojunction. Nature, 2023, 620: 994–1000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jošt M, Köhnen E, Morales-Vilches AB, et al. Textured interfaces in monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells: advanced light management for improved efficiency and energy yield. Energy Environ Sci, 2018, 11: 3511–3523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Green M, Dunlop E, Hohl-Ebinger J, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57). Prog Photovoltaics, 2021, 29: 3–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Li Y, Shi B, Xu Q, et al. Wide bandgap interface layer induced stabilized perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with stability over ten thousand hours. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11: 2102046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Tockhorn P, Sutter J, Cruz A, et al. Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. Nat Nanotechnol, 2022, 17: 1214–1221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Green MA, Dunlop ED, Yoshita M, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 63). Prog Photovoltaics, 2024, 32: 3–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Todorov T, Gershon T, Gunawan O, et al. Monolithic perovskite-CIGS tandem solar cells via in situ band gap engineering. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5: 1500799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Han Q, Hsieh YT, Meng L, et al. High-performance perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se2 monolithic tandem solar cells. Science, 2018, 361: 904–908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jošt M, Bertram T, Koushik D, et al. 21.6%-efficient monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cells with thin conformal hole transport layers for integration on rough bottom cell surfaces. ACS Energy Lett, 2019, 4: 583–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Fu F, Nishiwaki S, Werner J, et al. Flexible perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 monolithic tandem solar cells. arXiv preprint, arXiv: 190710330, 2019.

  59. Al-Ashouri A, Magomedov A, Roß M, et al. Conformal monolayer contacts with lossless interfaces for perovskite single junction and monolithic tandem solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2019, 12: 3356–3369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Jacobsson TJ, Hultqvist A, Svanström S, et al. 2-Terminal CIGS-perovskite tandem cells: a layer by layer exploration. Sol Energy, 2020, 207: 270–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Jošt M, Köhnen E, Al-Ashouri A, et al. Perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells: from certified 24.2% toward 30% and beyond. ACS Energy Lett, 2022, 7: 1298–1307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Xu J, Boyd CC, Yu ZJ, et al. Triple-halide wide–band gap perovskites with suppressed phase segregation for efficient tandems. Science, 2020, 367: 1097–1104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Liu J, Aydin E, Yin J, et al. 28.2%-efficient, outdoor-stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell. Joule, 2021, 5: 3169–3186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Jia P, Chen G, Li G, et al. Intermediate phase suppression with long chain diammonium alkane for high performance wide-bandgap and tandem perovskite solar cells. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2400105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Su G, Yu R, Dong Y, et al. Crystallization regulation and defect passivation for efficient inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with over 21% efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2024, 14: 2303344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Jiang Q, Zhu K. Rapid advances enabling high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat Rev Mater, 2024, 9: 399–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Ji X, Zhang S, Yu F, et al. Efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with open-circuit voltage deficit below 0.4 V via hole-selective interface engineering. Sci China Chem, 2024, 67: 2102–2110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ramadan AJ, Oliver RDJ, Johnston MB, et al. Methylammonium-free wide-bandgap metal halide perovskites for tandem photovoltaics. Nat Rev Mater, 2023, 8: 822–838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Xu F, Zhang M, Li Z, et al. Challenges and perspectives toward future wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskite photovoltaics. Adv Energy Mater, 2023, 13: 2203911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Cheng Z, Zhang M, Zhang Y, et al. Stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells for tandem applications. Nano Energy, 2024, 127: 109708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Liu J, De Bastiani M, Aydin E, et al. Efficient and stable perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells through contact displacement by MgFx. Science, 2022, 377: 302–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Liu X, Zhang J, Tang L, et al. Over 28% efficiency perovskite/Cu(InGa) Se2 tandem solar cells: highly efficient sub-cells and their bandgap matching. Energy Environ Sci, 2023, 16: 5029–5042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Krishna A, Gottis S, Nazeeruddin MK, et al. Mixed dimensional 2D/3D hybrid perovskite absorbers: The future of perovskite solar cells? Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1806482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Wang Z, Lin Q, Chmiel FP, et al. Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D–3D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskites. Nat Energy, 2017, 2: 17135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Zhou T, Xu Z, Wang R, et al. Crystal growth regulation of 2D/3D perovskite films for solar cells with both high efficiency and stability. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2200705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Chen C, Liang J, Zhang J, et al. Interfacial engineering of a thiophene-based 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction for efficient and stable inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2021, 90: 106608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Guan H, Zhang W, Liang J, et al. Low-dimensional 2-thiophe-neethylammonium lead halide capping layer enables efficient single-junction methylamine-free wide-bandgap and tandem perovskite solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 2300860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Zhou Q, Liu B, Shai X, et al. Precise modulation strategies of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in efficient and stable solar cells. Chem Commun, 2023, 59: 4128–4141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Chen S, Dai X, Xu S, et al. Stabilizing perovskite-substrate interfaces for high-performance perovskite modules. Science, 2021, 373: 902–907

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Zhang F, Tu B, Yang S, et al. Buried-interface engineering of conformal 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction for efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells on industrially textured silicon. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 2303139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Yang IS, You JS, Sung SD, et al. Novel spherical TiO2 aggregates with diameter of 100 nm for efficient mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2016, 20: 272–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. You S, Zeng H, Ku Z, et al. Multifunctional polymer-regulated SnO2 nanocrystals enhance interface contact for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 2003990

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Seo J, Akin S, Zalibera M, et al. Dopant engineering for spiro-OMe-TAD hole-transporting materials towards efficient perovskite solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31: 2102124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Wang S, Huang Z, Wang X, et al. Unveiling the role of tBP–LiTFSI complexes in perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 16720–16730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Lin Y, Chen B, Zhao F, et al. Matching charge extraction contact for wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1700607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Khadka DB, Shirai Y, Yanagida M, et al. Tailoring the open-circuit voltage deficit of wide-band-gap perovskite solar cells using alkyl chain-substituted fullerene derivatives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 22074–22082

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Rombach FM, Haque SA, Macdonald TJ. Lessons learned from spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA in perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14: 5161–5190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Wang M, Wang H, Li W, et al. Defect passivation using ultrathin PTAA layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with a high fill factor and eliminated hysteresis. J Mater Chem A, 2019, 7: 26421–26428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ni Z, Jiao H, Fei C, et al. Evolution of defects during the degradation of metal halide perovskite solar cells under reverse bias and illumination. Nat Energy, 2022, 7: 65–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Zhao D, Sexton M, Park HY, et al. High-efficiency solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells with a polymer hole transport layer. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5: 1401855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, et al. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science, 2020, 370: 1300–1309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Wang S, Guo H, Wu Y. Advantages and challenges of self-assembled monolayer as a hole-selective contact for perovskite solar cells. Mater Futures, 2023, 2: 012105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Suo J, Yang B, Bogachuk D, et al. The dual use of SAM molecules for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2024, 2400205

  94. He R, Wang W, Yi Z, et al. Improving interface quality for 1-cm2 all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Nature, 2023, 618: 80–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Yu S, Xiong Z, Zhou H, et al. Homogenized NiOx nanoparticles for improved hole transport in inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 2023, 382: 1399–1404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Li C, Wang X, Bi E, et al. Rational design of Lewis base molecules for stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 2023, 379: 690–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Boyd CC, Shallcross RC, Moot T, et al. Overcoming redox reactions at perovskite-nickel oxide interfaces to boost voltages in perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2020, 4: 1759–1775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wu T, Ono LK, Yoshioka R, et al. Elimination of light-induced degradation at the nickel oxide-perovskite heterojunction by aprotic sulfonium layers towards long-term operationally stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2022, 15: 4612–4624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Li Z, Sun X, Zheng X, et al. Stabilized hole-selective layer for highperformance inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Science, 2023, 382: 284–289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Kafedjiska I, Levine I, Musiienko A, et al. Advanced characterization and optimization of NiOx:Cu-SAM hole-transporting Bi-layer for 23.4% efficient monolithic Cu(In,Ga)Se2–perovskite tandem solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 2302924

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Li C, Wang Y, Choy WCH. Efficient interconnection in perovskite tandem solar cells. Small Methods, 2020, 4: 2000093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Zhao D, Chen C, Wang C, et al. Efficient two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by high-quality low-bandgap absorber layers. Nat Energy, 2018, 3: 1093–1100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mariotti S, Köhnen E, Scheler F, et al. Interface engineering for highperformance, triple-halide perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Science, 2023, 381: 63–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Lundberg O, Edoff M, Stolt L. The effect of Ga-grading in CIGS thin film solar cells. Thin Solid Films, 2005, 480–481: 520–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Zheng J, Xue C, Wang G, et al. Efficient flexible monolithic perovskite–CIGS tandem solar cell on conductive steel substrate. ACS Energy Lett, 2024, 9: 1545–1547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Shi S, Yao L, Ma P, et al. Recent progress in the high-temperature-resistant PI substrate with low CTE for CIGS thin-film solar cells. Mater Today Energy, 2021, 20: 100640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Hao F, Stoumpos CC, Cao DH, et al. Lead-free solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Photon, 2014, 8: 489–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Zhao J, Wei L, Jia C, et al. Metallic tin substitution of organic lead perovskite films for efficient solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6: 20224–20232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Chung I, Song JH, Im J, et al. CsSnI3: semiconductor or metal? High electrical conductivity and strong near-infrared photoluminescence from a single material. High hole mobility and phase-transitions. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 8579–8587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Nishimura K, Kamarudin MA, Hirotani D, et al. Lead-free tin-halide perovskite solar cells with 13% efficiency. Nano Energy, 2020, 74: 104858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. De Bastiani M, Jalmood R, Liu J, et al. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems with >28% efficiency: role of silicon-surface texture on perovskite properties. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 2205557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Aydin E, Liu J, Ugur E, et al. Ligand-bridged charge extraction and enhanced quantum efficiency enable efficient n–i–p perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14: 4377–4390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Chin XY, Turkay D, Steele JA, et al. Interface passivation for 31.25%-efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Science, 2023, 381: 59–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Blakers AW, Wang A, Milne AM, et al. 22.8% efficient silicon solar cell. Appl Phys Lett, 1989, 55: 1363–1365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Mailoa JP, Bailie CD, Johlin EC, et al. A 2-terminal perovskite/silicon multijunction solar cell enabled by a silicon tunnel junction. Appl Phys Lett, 2015, 106: 121105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Feldmann F, Bivour M, Reichel C, et al. Passivated rear contacts for high-efficiency n-type Si solar cells providing high interface passivation quality and excellent transport characteristics. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2014, 120: 270–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Yamaguchi M, Dimroth F, Geisz JF, et al. Multi-junction solar cells paving the way for super high-efficiency. J Appl Phys, 2021, 129: 240901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. McMeekin DP, Mahesh S, Noel NK, et al. Solution-processed all-perovskite multi-junction solar cells. Joule, 2019, 3: 387–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Yang W, Long H, Sha X, et al. Unlocking voltage potentials of mixed-halide perovskite solar cells via phase segregation suppression. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2110698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. He R, Ren S, Chen C, et al. Wide-bandgap organic–inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells and their application in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14: 5723–5759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Xiao K, Wen J, Han Q, et al. Solution-processed monolithic all-per-ovskite triple-junction solar cells with efficiency exceeding 20%. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5: 2819–2826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Werner J, Sahli F, Fu F, et al. Perovskite/perovskite/silicon monolithic triple-junction solar cells with a fully textured design. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3: 2052–2058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Choi YJ, Lim SY, Park JH, et al. Atomic layer deposition-free monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2023, 8: 3141–3146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Heydarian M, Heydarian M, Bett AJ, et al. Monolithic two-terminal perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells with open circuit voltage >2.8 V. ACS Energy Lett, 2023, 8: 4186–4192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. Xu F, Aydin E, Liu J, et al. Monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells with cation double displacement enabled 2.0 eV perovskites. Joule, 2024, 8: 224–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Li F, Wu D, Shang L, et al. Highly efficient monolithic perovskite/ perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2311595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Hu H, An SX, Li Y, et al. Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 24.4%. Energy Environ Sci, 2024, 17: 2800–2814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274018), the Xinjiang Construction Corps Key Areas of Science and Technology Research Project (2023AB029) and the Key Project of Chongqing Overseas Students Returning to China Entrepre-neurship and Innovation Support Plan (cx2023006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China

    Xinxing Liu  (刘欣星), Yue Yu  (于月), Dongmei He  (何冬梅), Zhengfu Zhang  (张正富), Jing Feng  (冯晶), Jianhong Yi  (易健宏) & Jiangzhao Chen  (陈江照)

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China

    Long Chen  (陈龙)

  3. Institute of Physical and Engineering Science/Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China

    Xuxia Shai  (晒旭霞)

  4. School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China

    Sam Zhang

  5. Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, China

    Sam Zhang

Authors
  1. Xinxing Liu  (刘欣星)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Long Chen  (陈龙)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yue Yu  (于月)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dongmei He  (何冬梅)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xuxia Shai  (晒旭霞)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sam Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zhengfu Zhang  (张正富)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jing Feng  (冯晶)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jianhong Yi  (易健宏)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Jiangzhao Chen  (陈江照)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Author contributions Liu X and Chen J conceived the idea for this review. Liu X collected the references, organized the images, and wrote the entire manuscript. Chen L, Zhang S, and Chen J modified the manuscript and participated in the discussion. Chen J supervised the project. All the authors contributed to the general discussion.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Long Chen  (陈龙), Sam Zhang or Jiangzhao Chen  (陈江照).

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Xinxing Liu is currently a professor at the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology. He received his PhD in condensed matter physics from Wuhan University in 2022. From 2022 to 2023, he served as a research assistant at the School of Physics and Technology of Wuhan University, and the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing at Wuhan University of Technology. In 2024, he joined Kunming University of Science and Technology, where he is currently focusing on the fabrication and research of perovskite tandem solar cells.

Long Chen received his PhD in material physics and chemistry from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) in 2016. He is a professor of Shihezi University. His current research interests focus on the the design and application of inorganic functional materials in environment and energy conversion and storage including supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, zinc ion-battery and electrochemical sensors.

Sam Zhang is currently a professor at the School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology. Prof. Zhang received his PhD degree in ceramics in 1991 from The University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Prof. Zhang was elected as Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), Fellow of Thin Films Society (FTFS) in 2018, and Fellow of Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIoMMM) in 2007. Prof. Zhang’s research concentrates on energy materials and hard yet tough coatings for industrial and infrared transparent applications.

Jiangzhao Chen is a professor at Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering in Kunming University of Science and Technology. He received his BS and PhD degrees from Northeast Forestry University in 2011 and from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2016, respectively. From 2016 to 2019, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Sungkyunkwan University and at the University of Hong Kong, respectively. From 2019 to 2023, he worked as a professor at Chongqing University. His current research interests focus on perovskite solar cells.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, X., Chen, L., Yu, Y. et al. Advancements of highly efficient perovskite based tandem solar cells. Sci. China Mater. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3076-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-3076-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation