Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Geomorphologic impacts of the glacial lake outburst flood from Lake No. 513 (Peru)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article deals with the 2010 glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) which happened in the Chucchún Valley in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru). The volume of the ice and rock fall from Mt. Hualcán was estimated to be about 500,000 m3 and the detachment zone was identified between 5,450 and 5,600 m a.s.l. Basic landforms and processes (e.g. stream erosion, accumulation) were characterized by field investigation (2010 and 2011) as well as the rate of deglaciation using remotely sensed data (1948, 1962, 1970 and 2010). Two relatively independent parts of the Chucchún Valley were identified from the point of view of sediment flux: uppermost part of the catchment (4,192–3,575 m a.s.l.), where even fine-grained sediments were laid down, and the lower reaches up to the confluence (3,191–2,640 m a.s.l.), where valley bottom sediments were mobilised by the increased discharge. The comparison of field data and potential for erosion or sedimentation derived from the HEC-RAS model mostly showed conformity and discrepancy occurred in the valley segments where an extreme discharge during the 2010 GLOF laid down sediments after the gradient of the flow diminished. The rate of deglaciation is also described using historical remotely sensed data and unpublished reports and was set as 1,040 m in the last 62 years. We focused our attention also on the uppermost part of the catchment and applied a modified quantitative method for GLOF hazard evaluation—high topographical susceptibility for an icefall into the lake was calculated (0.92).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ames AM, Francou B (1995) Cordillera Blanca—glaciares en la historia. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 24(1):37–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajracharya SR, Mool PK (2009) Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal. Ann Glaciol 50(53):81–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajracharya B, Shrestha AB, Rajbhandari L (2007) Glacial lake outburst floods in the Sagarmatha region. Mt Res Dev 27:336–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biscarini Ch (2010) Computational fluid dynamics modelling of landslide generated water waves. Landslides 7:117–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolch T, Buchroithner MF, Peters J, Bassler M, Bajracharya S (2008) Identification of glacier motion and potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Mt. Everest region/Nepal using spaceborne imagery. Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci 8:1329–1340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breien H, De Blasio FV, Elverhøi A, Høeg K (2008) Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway. Landslides 5:271–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caceres CE (1972) Informe de la inspeccion a las lagunas de Cochca, Arteza y el Glaciar No. 513. Corporation Peruana del Santa, Huaráz

  • Carey M (2005) Living and dying with glaciers: people’s historical vulnerability to avalanches and outburst floods in Peru. Glob Planet Ch 47:122–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey M (2010) In the shadow of melting glaciers: climate change. Change shadow of Melting Glaciers: climate change and Andean society. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey M, Huggel CH, Bury J, Portocarrero C, Haeberli W (2011) An integrated socio-environmental framework for glacial hazard management and climate change adaptation: lessons from Lake 513, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Clim Change 112:733–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chisolm RE, McKinney DC, Gomez J, Voss K (2012) GC11A-0958: emerging Glacial lakes in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: a case study at Arteson Glacier. Abstract, AGU Fall Meeting, 3–7 December 2012, San Francisco

  • Clague JJ, Evans SG (2000) A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia. Quatern Sci Rev 19:1763–1783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmer A, Cochachin A (2013) Causes and mechanisms of moraine-dammed lake failures in the Cordillera Blanca, North American Cordillera and Himalaya. AUC Geographica 48(2):5–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmer A, Vilímek V (2013) Review article: lake and breach hazard assessment for morainene-dammed lakes: an example from Cordillera Blanca (Peru). Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci 13:1551–1565. doi:10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmer A, Vilímek V, Klimeš J, Cochachin A (2014) Glacier retreat, lakes development and associated natural hazards in Cordillera Blanca, Peru. In: Shan W et al (eds) Landslides in cold regions in the context of climate change, environmental science and engineering. Springer, New York, pp 231–252. doi:10.1007/978-3-31900867-7_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Georges C (2004) The 20th century glacier fluctuations in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res 36:100–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giraldéz CM (2011) Glacier evolution in the South West slope of Nevado Hualcán (Cordillera Blanca, Peru). Master Project. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Giraldéz CM, Palacios D, Haeberli W, Úbeda J, Schauwecker S, Torres J (2014) Glacier changes since Local Last Glacial Maximum in the South-West slope of Nevado Hualcán, Cordillera Blanca, Peru, deduced from moraine mapping and GIS-based analysis. Geophysical Research Abstract, 16, EGU2014-7350

  • Grabs WE, Hanisch J (1993) Objectives and prevention methods for glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). In: Snow and Glacier Hydrology (Proceedings of the Kathmandu Symposium, November 1992), Great Yarmouth (UK)

  • Haeberli W (2013) Mountain permafrost—research frontiers and a special long-term change. Cold Reg Sci Tech 96:71–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeberli W, Kääb A, Mühll DV, Teysseire P (2001) Prevention of outburst floods from periglacial lakes at Grubengletscher, Swiss Alps. J Glaciol 47:111–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison S, Glasser N, Winchester V, Haresign E, Warren C, Jansson KA (2006) Glacial lake outburst flood associated with recent mountain glacier retreat, Patagonian Andes. Holocene 16:611–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hegglin E, Huggel C (2008) An integrated assessment of vulnerability to glacial hazards - a case study in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Mt Res Dev 28:299–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard B, Heald A, Reynolds JM, Quincey D, Richardson SD, Zapata ML, Santillan NP, Hambrey MJ (2005) Impact of a rock avalanche on a moraine-dammed proglacial lake: laguna Safuna Alta, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Earth Surf Proc Land 30:1251–1264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huggel C, Kääb A, Haeberli W, Teysseire P, Paul F (2002) Remote sensing based assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps. Can Geotech J 39:316–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janský B, Engel Z, Šobr M, Beneš V, Špaček K, Yerokhin S (2009) The evolution of Petrov lake and moraine dam rupture risk (Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan). Nat Hazards 50(1):83–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kattelmann R (2003) Glacial lake outburst floods in the Nepal himalaya: a manageable hazard? Nat Hazards 28:145–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw JA, Clague JJ, Evans SG (2005) Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two-phase outburst flood from moraine-dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Earth Surf Proc Land 30:1–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzl H (1968) La glaciación actual y pleistocénica en los Andes centrales. Colloquium Geographicum (Bonn), Bd. 9, p.77–90 (Reproduced in Revista Peruana de Andisimo y Glaciología, 1969–70, No. 9, 2a Parte, p. 17–24

  • Klimeš J (2012) Geomorphology and natural hazards of the sellected glacial valleys, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. AUC Geographica 47(2):25–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimeš J, Benešová M, Vilímek V, Bouška P, Cochachin AR (2014) The reconstruction of a glacial lake outburst flood using HEC-RAS and its significance for future hazard assessments: an example from Lake 513 in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Natural Hazards 71(3):1617–1638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lliboutry L, Morales BA, Pautre A, Schneider B (1977) Glaciological problems set by the control of dangerous lakes in Cordillera Blanca, Peru. I. Historical failures of moranic dams, their causes and prevention. J Glaciol 18:239–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark BG, Selzer GO (2005) Evaluation of recent glacier recession in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru (AD 1962–1999): spatial distribution of mass loss and climatic forcing. Quat Sci Rev 24:2265–2280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattelini J (1965) Conclusiones de la comparacion de las fotografias de la Cordillera Blanca ano 1948–1962. Corporation Peruana del Santa, Lima

    Google Scholar 

  • McKillop RJ, Clague JJ (2007) Statistical, remote sensing-based approach for estimating the probability of catastrophic drainage from moraine-dammed lakes in southwestern British Columbia. Glob Planet Change 56:153–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narama C, Duishonakunov M, Kääb A, Daiyrov M, Abdrakhmatov K (2010) The 24 July 2008 outburst flood at the western Zyndan glacier lake and recent regional changes in glacier lakes of the Teskey Ala-Too range, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci 10:647–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal EG (2007) Hydrology and Glacier-lake-outburst floods (1984–2004) and water quality (1998–2003) of Taku river near Juneau, Alaska. US Geological Survey, Reston (Virginia)

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberti IL (1973) Informe Hualcán. Huaraz. Unpublished report. Huaraz, Peru

  • Rabatel A, Francou B, Soruco A, Gomez J, Cáceres B, Caballos JL, Basantes R, Vuille M, Sicart JE, Huggel C, Scheel M, Lejeune Y, Arnaud Y, Collet M, Condom T, Consoli G, Favier V, Jomelli V, Galarraga R, Ginot P, Maisincho L, Mendoza J, Ménégoz J, Ramirez E, Ribstein P, Suarez W, Villacis M, Wagnon P (2013) Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multic-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change. Cryosphere 7:81–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai SC, Gorung A (2005) Raising awareness of the impact of climate change: initial steps in shaping policy in Nepal. Mt Res Dev 25(4):316–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds JM (2003) Development of glacial hazard and risk minimisation protocols in ruralenvironments. Methods of glacial hazard assessment and management in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Reynolds Geo-Sciences Ltd, Flintshire

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds JM, Dolecki A, Portocarrero C (1998) The construction of a drainage tunnel as part of a glacial lake hazard mitigation at Hualcán, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Geological Society, London. Eng Geol Spec Publ 15:41–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson SD, Reynolds JM (2000) An overview of glacial hazards in the Himalayas. Quat Int 65(66):31–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider D, Huggel Ch, Cochachin A, Guillén S, García J (2014) Mapping hazards from glacier lake outburst floods based on modelling of process cascades at Lake 513, Carhuaz, Peru. Adv Geosci 35:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha AB, Eriksson M, Mool P, Ghimire P, Mishra B, Khanal NR (2010) Glacial lake outburst flood risk assessment of Sun Koshi basin, Nepal. Geomat Nat Hazard Risks 1(2):157–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vilímek V, Klimeš J, Zapata ML (2005a) Glacial lake outburst flood in the areas of Huarás, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica 39:115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilímek V, Zapata ML, Klimeš J, Patzelt Z, Santillán N (2005b) Influence of glacial retreat on natural hazards of the Palcacocha Lake area, Peru. Landslides 2:107–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Liu S, Guo W, Xu J (2008) Assessment and simulation of glacier lake outburst floods for Longbasaba and Pida lakes, China. Mt Res Dev 28:310–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Yao T, Gao Y, Yang X, Kattel DB (2011) A first-order method to identify potentially dangerous glacial lakes in a region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Mt Res Dev 31:122–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J, Reyes L, Garayar J (1995) Geologia de los cuadrangulos de Pallasca, Tayabamba, Corongo, Pomabamba, Carhuaz y Huari. Boletin No. 60, Serie A, Carta Geológica Nacional Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico, Lima, Peru, p. 64

  • www.larepublica.pe Peligro latente en Carhuaz. Accessed 13 Apr 2010

  • www.peruviantimes.pe State of emergency declared in parts of Ancash after ice block breaks from glacier. Accessed 13 Apr 2010

  • Zapata ML (2002) La dinamica glaciar en lagunas de la Cordillera Blanca. Acta Montana 19:37–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavala HC (1966) Informe de la comision de control de las lagunas de la Cordillera Blanca. Comision Control Lagunas Cordillera Blanca, Huaráz

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Project GACR P 209/11/1000) and the Grant Agency of the Charles University (Project GAUK No. 70 413) for their financial support. They would also like to thank the ANA office in Huaraz (Ancash Department) for their scientific and personal support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Vít Vilímek & Adam Emmer

  2. Academy of Sciences, Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, V Holešovičkách 41, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jan Klimeš

  3. Department of Hydraulics, T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute p.r.i., Podbabská 30, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Miroslava Benešová

Authors
  1. Vít Vilímek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Klimeš
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adam Emmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Miroslava Benešová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vít Vilímek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vilímek, V., Klimeš, J., Emmer, A. et al. Geomorphologic impacts of the glacial lake outburst flood from Lake No. 513 (Peru). Environ Earth Sci 73, 5233–5244 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3768-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3768-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation