Graphical abstract
References
Battisti L (2015) Wind turbines cold climates: icing impacts and mitigation systems. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05191-8. ISBN 978-3-319-05190-1
Blasco P, Palacios J, Schmitz S (2017) Effect of icing roughness on wind turbine power production. Wind Energy 20:601–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2026
Dalili N, Edrisy A, Carriveau R (2009) A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13:428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.11.009
Gao L, Liu Y, Zhou W, Hu H (2019) An experimental study on the aerodynamic performance degradation of a wind turbine blade model induced by ice accretion process. Renew Energy 133:663–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.10.032
Gong X, Bansmer S (2015) Laser scanning applied for ice shape measurements. Cold Reg Sci Technol 115:64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.03.010
Hochart C, Fortin G, Perron J, Ilinca A (2008) Wind turbine performance under icing conditions. Wind Energy 11:319–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.258
Lamraoui F, Fortin G, Perron J, Benoit R (2015) Canadian icing envelopes near the surface and its impact on wind energy assessment. Cold Reg Sci Technol 120:76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.09.007
Lee S, Broeren AP, Addy HE, et al (2012) Development of 3-D ice accretion measurement method. In: 4th AIAA atmospheric and space environments conference, pp 1–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2938
Li Y, Tagawa K, Feng F et al (2014) A wind tunnel experimental study of icing on wind turbine blade airfoil. Energy Convers Manag 85:591–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.026
Liu Y, Hu H (2018) An experimental investigation on the unsteady heat transfer process over an ice accreting airfoil surface. Int J Heat Mass Transf 122:707–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2018.02.023
Morgan C, Bossany E, Seifert H (1998) Assessment of safety risks arising from wind turbine icing. In: Boreas VI—wind energy production in cold climate, pp 113–121
Senis E, Golosnoy I, Thomsen O et al (2017) Characterization of through-thickness thermal conductivity of wind turbine blade CFRP materials using a steady-state technique. In: 21st international conference on composite materials, Xi’an, China, 20–25 Aug 2017
Tammelin B, Cavaliere M, Holttinen H et al (1999) Wind energy production in cold climate (WECO). ETSU Contract Rep W/11/00452/REP, UK DTI 1–38
Waldman RM, Hu H (2015) High-speed imaging to quantify transient ice accretion process over an airfoil. J Aircr 53:369–377. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C033367
Woodard BS, Broeren AP, Lee S et al (2018) Summary of ice shape geometric fidelity studies on an iced swept wing. Atmos Space Environ Conf 2018:1–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3494
Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Guo H (2016) Numerical simulation and experimental validation of ultrasonic de-icing system for wind turbine blade. Appl Acoust 114:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.07.004
Zhang K, Wei T, Hu H (2015) An experimental investigation on the surface water transport process over an airfoil by using a digital image projection technique. Exp Fluids 56:173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-2046-z
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) under award numbers of OISE-1826978, CBET-1435590 and CMMI-1824840.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, L., Veerakumar, R., Liu, Y. et al. Quantification of the 3D shapes of the ice structures accreted on a wind turbine airfoil model. J Vis 22, 661–667 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-019-00567-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-019-00567-4