It’s Not Just the Squeaky Wheels That Need the Oil: Examining Teachers’ Views on the Disparity Between Referral Rates for Students with Internalizing Versus Externalizing Problems

• Abel, M. H., & Sewell, J. (1999). Stress and burnout in rural and urban secondary school teachers. Journal of Educational Research, 92, 287–293.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Armbruster, P., & Kazdin, A. E. (1994). Attrition in child psychotherapy. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 81–109.

  Google Scholar 

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). (2007). National survey of mental health and wellbeing: Summary of results. Retrieved April, 2011, from http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/4326.02007?OpenDocument.

• Australian Education Union (AEU). (2010). State of Our Schools Survey. Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.aeufederal.org.au/Publications/2010/SOSreport2010.pdf.

• Australian Psychological Society (APS). (2010). Schools need psychological services as a matter of urgency rather than Chaplains. Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.psychology.org.au/…/MR-Schools-need-psychological-services.pdf.

• Australians Secondary Principals Association. (2007). Beginning Teachers Joint Survey. Retrieved December 2010, from http://www.aspa.asn.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=149:2007-survey-beginning-teachers&catid=17:beginning-teachers&Itemid=39.

• Banerjee, M., Capozzoli, M., McSweeney, L., & Sinha, D. (1999). Beyond kappa: A review of agreement measures. Canadian Journal of Statistics, 27, 3–23.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Barrett, P. M., Lock, S., & Farrell, L. (2005). Universal school-based intervention-child versus youth developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10, 539–555.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Boyd, C. P., Kostanski, M., Gullone, E., Ollendick, T. H., & Shek, D. T. (2000). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in Australian adolescents: Comparisons with worldwide data. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 161, 479–492.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Chang, D. F., & Stanley, S. (2003). The effects of race and problem type on teachers’ assessments of student behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 235–242.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Coffey, A., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Farmer, E. M. Z., Burns, B. J., Phillips, S. D., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2003). Pathways into and through mental health services for children and adolescents. Psychiatric Services, 54, 60–66.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Gavrielatos, A. (2011). Australian teachers’ magazine a breeding ground for stress and burnout. Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.ozteacher.com.au/html/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=875:a-breeding-ground-for-stress-and-burnout&catid=1:news&Itemid=69.

• Gott, J. (2003). The school: The front line of mental health development? Pastoral Care, 21(4), 5–13.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Green, M. T., Clopton, J. R., & Pope, A. W. (1996). Understanding gender differences in referral of children to mental health services. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 182–190.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gresham, F. M., & Kern, L. (2004). Internalizing behavior problems in children and adolescents. In R. B. Rutherford, M. Magee Quinn, & S. R. Mathur (Eds.), Handbook of research in emotional and behavioral disorders (pp. 262–281). New York: Guilford Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Gwet, K. L. (2008). Computing inter-rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61, 29–48.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Hoagwood, K., & Johnson, J. (2003). School psychology: A public health framework I. From evidence-based practices to evidence-based policies. Journal of School Psychology, 41, 3–21.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hughes, P., & Sims, M. (2009). The effectiveness of chaplaincy as provided by the National School Chaplaincy Association to Government Schools in Australia. School of Psychology and Social Science, Edith Cowan University.

• Jackson, D. A., & King, A. R. (2004). Gender differences in the effects of oppositional behaviour on teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 215–224.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Judd, F. K. (2001). Mental health issues for rural and remote Australians. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 9, 245–258.

  Google Scholar 

• Kaye, J. (2011). Chaplaincy program study ‘flawed and biased’: conclusions not justified. Retrieved May, 2011, from http://www.johnkaye.org.au/campaigns/education/chaplaincy-program-study-flawed-and-biased-conclusions-not-justified.

• Lane, K. L., Givner, C. C., & Pierson, M. R. (2004). Teacher expectations of student behavior: Social skills necessary for success in elementary school classrooms. Journal of Special Education, 38, 178–182.

  Google Scholar 

• Layne, A. E., Bernstein, G. A., & March, J. S. (2006). Teacher awareness of anxiety symptoms in children. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 36, 383–392.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Liljequist, L., & Renk, K. (2007). The relationship among teachers’ perceptions of student behaviour, teachers’ characteristics, and ratings of students’ emotional and behavioural problems. Educational Psychology, 27, 557–571.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Littlefield, L. (2010). Schools need psychological services as a matter of urgency rather than Chaplains. Retrieved March, 2011, from http://www.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/MR-Schools-need-psychological-services.pdf.

• Loades, M. E., & Mastroyannopoulou, K. (2010). Teachers’ recognition of children’s mental health problems. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 15, 150–156.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• McGorry, P. (2010). Getup. Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.getup.org.au/.

• Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. (2008). Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.mceecdya.edu.au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_for_Young_Australians.pdf.

• Mindmatters. (2010). Whole school matters draft manuscript. Chapter 5, Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved December, 2010, from http://www.mindmatters.edu.au/resources_and_downloads/whole_school_matters_draft_2010_link.html.

• Muris, P., & Meesters, C. (2002). Symptoms of anxiety disorders and teacher-reported school functioning of normal children. Psychology Reports, 91, 588–590.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Papandrea, K. (2010). Facilitating the pathways to adolescent mental health services: Enhancing teacher recognition of internalising problems. Paper presented at 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP) & Australian Psychological Society (APS) Conference, Melbourne, Australia, July.

• Papandrea, K., Winefield, H., & Livingstone, A. (2010). Oiling a neglected wheel: An investigation of adolescent internalising problems in rural South Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 10, 1524. Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.rrh.org.au/home/defaultnew.asp.

• Pearcy, M. T., Clopton, J. R., & Pope, A. W. (1993). Influences on teacher referral of children to mental health services: Gender, severity, and internalizing versus externalizing problems. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, 165–169.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Phares, V., & Danforth, J. S. (1994). Adolescents’, parents’, and teachers’ distress over adolescents’ behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 721–732.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Plano Clark, V. L., Huddleston-Casas, C. A., Churchill, S. A., O’Neil Green, D., & Garrett, A. L. (2008). Mixed methods approaches in family science research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Ringeisen, H., Henderson, K., & Hoagwood, K. (2003). Context matters: Schools and the “research to practice gap” in children’s mental health. School Psychology Review, 32, 153–168.

  Google Scholar 

• Rothi, D. M., & Leavey, G. (2006). Mental health help-seeking and young people: A review. Pastoral Care, 24, 4–13.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Rothi, D. M., Leavey, G., & Best, R. (2008). On the front-line: Teachers as active observers of pupils’ mental health. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(5), 1217–1231.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Sawyer, M. (2007). Beyondblue schools research initiative: Report of key findings (2003–2005). Melbourne: Beyondblue.

  Google Scholar 

• Sayal, K. (2006). Annotation: Pathways to care for children with mental health problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 649–659.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Severson, H. H., Walker, H. M., Hope-Doolittle, J., Kratochwill, T. R., & Gresham, F. M. (2007). Proactive, early screening to detect behaviorally at-risk students: Issues, approaches, emerging innovations, and professional practices. Journal of School Psychology, 45, 193–223.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Spence, S. H., & Shortt, A. L. (2007). Research review: Can we justify the widespread dissemination of universal, school based interventions for the prevention of depression among children and adolescents? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 526–542.

  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• State, T. M., Kern, L., Starosta, K. M., & Mukherjee, A. D. (2011). Elementary pre-service teacher preparation in the area of social, emotional, and behavioral problems. School Mental Health, 3, 13–23.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• While, A. (1998). Methodological issues surrounding the use of vignettes in qualitative research. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 12, 79.

  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references