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Head movements, facial expressions and feedback in conversations: empirical evidence from Danish multimodal data

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Abstract

This article deals with multimodal feedback in two Danish multimodal corpora, i.e., a collection of map-task dialogues and a corpus of free conversations in first encounters between pairs of subjects. Machine learning techniques are applied to both sets of data to investigate various relations between the non-verbal behaviour—more specifically head movements and facial expressions—and speech with regard to the expression of feedback. In the map-task data, we study the extent to which the dialogue act type of linguistic feedback expressions can be classified automatically based on the non-verbal features. In the conversational data, on the other hand, non-verbal and speech features are used together to distinguish feedback from other multimodal behaviours. The results of the two sets of experiments indicate in general that head movements, and to a lesser extent facial expressions, are important indicators of feedback, and that gestures and speech disambiguate each other in the machine learning process.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been carried out in the context of the VKK and NOMCO projects. VKK is funded by the Danish Research Council for the Humanities. NOMCO is funded by the NORDCORP programme under the Nordic Research Councils for the Humanities and the Social Sciences (NOS-HS). We would like to thank our partners in the NOMCO project Elisabeth Ahlsén, Jens Allwood and Kristiina Jokinen, the annotators Sara Andersen, Josephine B. Arrild, Anette Studsgård and Bjørn Wesseltolvig, as well as the two anonymous reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Language Technology, University of Copenhagen, Njalsgade 240, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Patrizia Paggio & Costanza Navarretta

  2. Institute of Linguistics, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta

    Patrizia Paggio

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  1. Patrizia Paggio
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  2. Costanza Navarretta
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Correspondence to Patrizia Paggio.

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Paggio, P., Navarretta, C. Head movements, facial expressions and feedback in conversations: empirical evidence from Danish multimodal data. J Multimodal User Interfaces 7, 29–37 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-012-0105-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-012-0105-9

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