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Scalable playback rate control in P2P live streaming systems

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Abstract

Current commercial live video streaming systems are based either on a typical client–server (cloud) or on a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. The former architecture is preferred for stability and QoS, provided that the system is not stretched beyond its bandwidth capacity, while the latter is scalable with small bandwidth and management cost. In this paper, we propose a P2P live streaming architecture in which by adapting dynamically the playback rate we guarantee that peers receive the stream even in cases where the total upload bandwidth changes very abruptly. In order to achieve this we develop a scalable mechanism that by probing only a small subset of peers monitors dynamically the total available bandwidth resources and a playback rate control mechanism that dynamically adapts playback rate to the aforementioned resources. We model analytically the relationship between the playback rate and the available bandwidth resources by using difference equations and in this way we are able to apply a control theoretical approach. We also quantify monitoring inaccuracies and dynamic bandwidth changes and we calculate dynamically, as a function of these, the maximum playback rate for which the proposed system able to guarantee the uninterrupted and complete distribution of the stream. Finally, we evaluate the control strategy and the theoretical model in a packet level simulator of a complete P2P live streaming system that we designed in OPNET Modeler. Our evaluation results show the uninterrupted and complete stream delivery (every peer receives more than 99 % of video blocks in every scenario) even in very adverse bandwidth changes.

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Acknowledgments

This has been co-financed by STEER [31] which is an European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 318343 that our university coordinates and by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Maria Efthymiopoulou, Nikolaos Efthymiopoulos, Athanasios Christakidis, Spyros Denazis & Odysseas Koufopavlou

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Nikolaos Athanasopoulos

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  1. Maria Efthymiopoulou
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  2. Nikolaos Efthymiopoulos
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  3. Athanasios Christakidis
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  4. Nikolaos Athanasopoulos
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  5. Spyros Denazis
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  6. Odysseas Koufopavlou
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Correspondence to Maria Efthymiopoulou.

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Efthymiopoulou, M., Efthymiopoulos, N., Christakidis, A. et al. Scalable playback rate control in P2P live streaming systems. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 9, 1162–1176 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-015-0403-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-015-0403-6

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