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Die Bedeutung von nationaler Kultur für die Gestaltung von Informationssystemen

On the Importance of National Culture for the Design of Information Systems

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WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK

Zusammenfassung

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand einer Literaturanalyse aufgezeigt, wie nationale Kultur auf die Phasen der Gestaltung von Informationssystemen einwirkt. Dabei wird einerseits der gesicherte Wissensstand aufgearbeitet, andererseits werden offene Fragestellungen aufgezeigt. Grundlage unserer Literaturanalyse bildet ein umfassender Ordnungsrahmen, der typische Dimensionen der soziotechnischen Systemgestaltung sowie zentrale Arten der Kulturforschung zueinander in Beziehung setzt. Entlang der einzelnen Dimensionen werden die bereits vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich nationaler Kulturforschung strukturiert und den typischen Phasen der Gestaltung von Informationssystemen zugeordnet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass im Bereich Kultur und Informationssystemgestaltung häufig entweder nur das Gestaltungssubjekt oder nur das Gestaltungsobjekt adressiert wird. Arbeiten, die beide Betrachtungsebenen miteinander verbinden, existieren kaum. Weiterhin konnten kaum Publikationen zu konkreten Phasen des Entwicklungsprozesses wie dem Systementwurf, der Implementierung oder der Verifikation und Validation identifiziert werden. Aus theoretischer Perspektive fällt eine deutliche Dominanz von Hofstedes Kulturdimensionen auf. Diese können einzelne Themenbereiche der Gestaltung wie die Benutzerschnittstelle oder interkulturelle Probleme in Entwicklungsteams gut adressieren, während andere Bereiche (wie Technologie- und Architekturfragen) nur unzureichend erklärt werden können. Weiterhin wird eine überwiegend phänomenologische Ausrichtung deutlich. Die beobachteten Kulturphänomene und die damit verbundenen Interpretationen sind für konkrete Entwicklungsvorhaben nur eingeschränkt nutzbar. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Vision einer Gestaltungstheorie zur kultursensitiven Entwicklung soziotechnischer Informationssysteme, die den bestehenden Wissensstand aufnimmt und in einem strukturierten Ansatz vereint.

Abstract

In this contribution a literature review is conducted to illustrate how national culture influences phases of the design of information systems. For this purpose, we review the literature in order to identify reliable and commonly approved findings as well as still open remaining questions. Fundamentally, our literature review is a comprehensive framework that sets typical dimensions of system design as well as main types of cultural research in relation to each other. The existing research results in the area of national culture are classified along the levels of system design and attributed to typical phases of the design of information systems. It thus becomes apparent that in the domain of culture and information system design it is often only the design subject or the design object that is addressed. Contributions that connect both levels rarely exist. In our review, only a limited number of publications could be identified that covered concrete phases of the development providing system design, implementation, as well as verification and validation. From a theoretical perspective, there is an obvious dominance of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions that well address single topics of the design, such as user interface and inter cultural problems in development teams. Other domains, however (e.g., technology and architecture), are inadequately explained. Further, a predominantly phenomenological focus becomes obvious. The observed cultural phenomena and the connected interpretations are usable in a limited way for concrete development initiatives. The contribution ends with the vision of a theory for the culturally sensitive design of socio technical information systems that absorbs current scientific knowledge and unites it in a structured approach.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei den anonymen Gutachtern und Professor Armin Heinzl für die konstruktiven Anmerkungen, die zu einer kontinuierlichen Verbesserung dieses Artikels beigetragen haben.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Straße 1, 10178, Berlin, Deutschland

    Tyge-F. Kummer

  2. Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Universität St. Gallen, Mueller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, 9000, St. Gallen, Schweiz

    Jan Marco Leimeister

  3. Fachgebiet Wirtschaftsinformatik, Universität Kassel, Pfannkuchstr. 1, 34121, Kassel, Deutschland

    Jan Marco Leimeister

  4. Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsinformatik, ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin, Heubnerweg 8-10, 14059, Berlin, Deutschland

    Markus Bick

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  1. Tyge-F. Kummer
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  2. Jan Marco Leimeister
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Correspondence to Tyge-F. Kummer.

Additional information

Angenommen nach zwei Überarbeitungen durch Prof. Dr. Armin Heinzl.

This article is also available in English via http://www.springerlink.com and http://www.bise-journal.org: Kummer T-F, Leimeister JM, Bick M, (2012) On the Importance of National Culture for the Design of Information Systems. Bus Inf Syst Eng. doi: 10.1007/s12599-012-0236-2.

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Kummer, TF., Leimeister, J.M. & Bick, M. Die Bedeutung von nationaler Kultur für die Gestaltung von Informationssystemen. Wirtschaftsinf 54, 303–318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-012-0340-4

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