Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Can smart rainwater harvesting schemes result in the improved performance of integrated urban water systems?

  • Developments in water management technologies and systems
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although rainwater harvesting (RWH) schemes have gradually gained more credibility and popularity in recent times, efficient utilisation and larger scale implementation of multi-purpose RWH are still a challenging task. This paper aims to explore the potential of using smart RWH schemes and their impact on the efficiency improvement in integrated urban water systems (UWS). The smart RWH scheme analysed here is capable of proactively controlling the tank water level to ensure sufficient spare storage is maintained at all times that accommodates the runoff from storm events. The multi-purpose RWH tank can mitigate local floods during rainfall events and supply harvested rainwater to non-potable residential water consumption. Optimal design parameters of the smart RWH scheme are also identified to achieve the best operational performance of the UWS. WaterMet2 model is used to assess the performance of the UWS with smart RWH schemes. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through modelling a real case of integrated UWS. The results obtained indicate that utilisation of smart RWH with an optimally sized tank, compared to the corresponding conventional RWH, is able to significantly improve the UWS efficiency in terms of mitigation of local flooding and reliability of water supply from harvested rainwater.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Basupi I, Kapelan Z, Butler D (2014) Reducing life-cycle carbon footprint in the (re)design of water distribution systems using water demand management interventions. Urban Water J 11(2):91–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behzadian K, Kapelan Z (2015a) Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism based strategic planning of urban water systems. Sci Total Environ 527:220–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behzadian K, Kapelan Z (2015b) Modelling metabolism based performance of an urban water system using WaterMet2. Resour Conserv Recycl 99:84–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behzadian K, Kapelan Z, Savic D, Ardeshir A (2009) Stochastic sampling design using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and adaptive neural networks. Environ Model Softw 24(4):530–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behzadian K, Kapelan Z, Venkatesh G, Brattebø H, Sægrov S, Rozos E, Makropoulos C (2014a) Quantitative UWS performance model: WaterMet2 TRUST project report, Deliverable D33.2 (https://www.trust-i.net/)

  • Behzadian K, Kapelan Z, Morley MS (2014b) Resilience-based performance assessment of water-recycling schemes in urban water systems. Procedia Eng 89:719–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouziotas D, Rozos E, Makropoulos C (2015) Water and the city: exploring links between urban growth and water demand management. J Hydroinf 17(2). https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.053

  • BSI (2013) BS 8515:2009+A1:2013 rainwater harvesting systems—code of practice. BSI, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu YR, Liaw CH, Tsai YL (2009) Harvesting rainwater, an innovative approach to easing urban water-energy dilemma. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Rainwater Catchment Systems, Kuala Lumpur

  • Deb K, Pratap A, Agarwal S, Meyarivan TAMT (2002) A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 6(2):182–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eroksuz E, Rahman A (2010) Rainwater tanks in multi-unit buildings: a case study for three Australian cities. Resour Conserv Recycl 54(12):1449–1452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imteaz MA, Ahsan A, Naser J, Rahman A (2011) Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks in Melbourne using daily water balance model. Resour Conserv Recycl 56(1):80–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MP, Hunt WF (2010) Performance of rainwater harvesting systems in the southeastern United States. Resour Conserv Recycl 54(10):623–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karamouz M, Behzadian K, Zahraie B, Kerachian R (2003) An evolutionary model for operation of hydropower reservoirs. World Water and Environmental Resources Congress ASCE, Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)150

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Khastagir A, Jayasuriya N (2010) Optimal sizing of rain water tanks for domestic water conservation. J Hydrol 381(3):181–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maidment DR (1992) Handbook of hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Makropoulos CK, Natsis K, Liu S, Mittas K, Butler D (2008) Decision support for sustainable option selection in integrated urban water management. Environ Model Softw 23(12):1448–1460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell VG, Diaper C (2010) UVQ user manual: urban water balance and contaminant balance analysis tool, Version 1.2, CMIT Report No. 2005–282 CSIRO

  • Nolde E (2007) Possibilities of rainwater utilisation in densely populated areas including precipitation runoffs from traffic surfaces. Desalination 215:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Partzsch L (2009) Smart regulation for water innovation—the case of decentralized rainwater technology. J Clean Prod 17(11):985–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peel M, Finlayson B, McMahon T (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 11:1633–1644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozos E, Makropoulos C (2013) Source to tap urban water cycle modelling. Environ Model Softw 41:139–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozos E, Makropoulos C, Butler D (2010) Design robustness of local water recycling schemes. J Water Resour Plann Manag ASCE 136(5):531–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003) Metcalf & Eddy, Inc wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh G, Sægrov S, Brattebø H, Behzadian K, Kapelan Z (2015) Metabolism modelling approaches to long-term sustainability assessment of urban water services. Urban Water J. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2015.1057184

  • Wang Q, Guidolin M, Savic D, Kapelan Z (2014) Two-objective design of benchmark problems of a water distribution system via MOEAs: towards the best-known approximation of the true Pareto front. J Water Resour Plan Manag 141(3):04014060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward S, Memon FA, Butler D (2012) Performance of a large building rainwater harvesting system. Water Res 46(16):5127–5134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaizen M, Urakawa T, Matsumoto Y, Takai H (1999) The collection of rainwater from dome stadiums in Japan. Urban Water J 1:355–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Part of this work is related to the software tool of WaterMet2 which was developed between 2012 and 2015 in the ‘TRansition to Urban water Services of Tomorrow’ (TRUST) research project funded under the Seventh Framework Programme by the European Commission, which is gratefully acknowledged. Readers interested to use WaterMet2 software tool for research purposes may contact the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, St Mary’s Rd, London, W5 5RF, UK

    Kourosh Behzadian & Amir Alani

  2. Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK

    Zoran Kapelan

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Street, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Jamshid Mousavi

Authors
  1. Kourosh Behzadian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zoran Kapelan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seyed Jamshid Mousavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amir Alani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kourosh Behzadian.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Behzadian, K., Kapelan, Z., Mousavi, S.J. et al. Can smart rainwater harvesting schemes result in the improved performance of integrated urban water systems?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 19271–19282 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0546-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0546-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation