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Performance Analysis of Two Cooperative Multicast Schemes in Cellular Networks

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Abstract

This paper discusses multicast schemes in cellular networks based on rateless codes and cooperative relaying technologies. Unlike fixed-rate codes, rateless codes do not require channel state information at transmitters or feedback of successful reception of individual packets from recipient user equipment (UEs). Cooperative relaying among a group of multicast recipient UEs can further improve wireless multicast service. In the proposed cooperative multicast (CM) scheme, after part of the recipients have decoded the source message of the base station (BS), these recipients can act as cooperative relays (CRs) and simultaneously transmit the decoded information to other recipients. The CM process stops after all the recipients have reliably decoded the message. If the CRs use different fountain codes, the other recipients can accumulate the mutual information from the BS and the CRs. If the CRs use the same fountain code as used by the BS, the recipients can only accumulate the received energy. By comparing with the conventional direct transmission based multicast scheme, the transmission delay, the energy consumption, and the spectrum efficiency performances of the proposed CM schemes are evaluated. The simulation results show that the mutual information accumulation (MIA) based CM scheme outperforms the energy accumulation (EA) based CM scheme in the spectrum and energy efficiency. This is because the MIA approach acquires better time delay performance but consumes less energy than the EA approach.

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Notes

  1. EA uses repetition codes (i.e., each relay node retransmits exactly the same message that it reliably decoded). A recipient UE can recover the original message so long as the total received energy (from the transmissions of the BS and the relays) exceeds a certain threshold. In contrast to EA, the relays in MIA use different fountain codes to simultaneously transmit the decoded message to the recipient UEs. The recipient UEs can distinguish the signals from the different relays through their different codes, and, hence, can accumulate the mutual information from the different relays.

  2. As soon as a recipient UE has accumulated sufficient information bits to reliably decode the original message, it transmits an ACK to the BS that the reception was successful. Once the BS has received I ACKs, it will inform the successful UEs to switch to transmission mode.

  3. Due to the delay difference inherent in the transmissions from the BS and from the CRs, the signals arriving at the j-th RUE may have slightly different delays. We assume that all the CRs are synchronized by the BS and the delay spread of the arriving signals at the j-th RUE is much smaller than the symbol duration. As a result, the delay is negligible. This assumption is valid in narrow-band wireless systems, e.g., direct-sequence CDMA networks with large spreading factors [15]. Therefore, at the j-th RUE, a Rake receiver can be used to accumulate the energies transmitted from the BS and from the I CRs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2015XKMS087, by the National Nature Science Funds of China under Grant 61572389, and by the EU FP7 Projects CLIMBER under Grant GA-2012-318939 and CROWN under Grant GA-2013-610524.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Guopeng Zhang & Zuyan Wang

  2. Department of Fundamental Courses, Xuzhou Air Force College, Xuzhou, China

    Jie Gu

  3. School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

    Kun Yang

  4. Internet of Things Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Peng Liu

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  1. Guopeng Zhang
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  2. Zuyan Wang
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  5. Peng Liu
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Correspondence to Peng Liu.

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Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Gu, J. et al. Performance Analysis of Two Cooperative Multicast Schemes in Cellular Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 95, 1317–1331 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3831-6

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