Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Analysis of Single Frequency GPS Receiver Under Delay and Combining Spoofing Algorithm

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Global position system (GPS) has become a satellite based critical international navigation and timing system. Navigation has a significant effect in our daily life. Hence, such a commonly used system is an interesting goal for criminal utilizing. Trusting GPS navigation, need spacious knowledge to inadvertent and intentional interferences. The position deviation in GPS, which is subject to spoofing, is analyzed in this paper. Serious research into spoofing has been carried out in recent years. One of the basic requirements and major challenges in designing anti-spoofing methods and evaluating a successful GPS spoofing countermeasure is collection of actual spoofing data used to verify the proposed protection algorithm. Since actual spoofing data is acquired through an expensive spoofer-receiver device, preparing genuine spoofing data without expensive spoofing devices, including extra software or hardware, can be helpful in the development of anti-spoofing studies. In this paper, after providing a refined assessment of existing approaches, a new practical and low-cost technique is proposed that helps to generate a set of spoofing data only with the employment of software receiver and a set of real GPS measurements. In this way, a new kind of spoofing data is resulted by utilizing delay and mixing procedure. This data will be generated in victim receiver antenna, if a spoofer-receiver device is used in practice. After explanation of the spoofing algorithm, its influence on the GPS receiver is studied in details, and then validation of proposed method is proved by appropriate tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ferguson, N., & Schneier, B. (2003). Practical cryptography. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mosavi, M. R. (2006) “Frequency domain modeling of GPS positioning errors”, Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Signal Processing, Vol. 4, (pp. 1–4).

  3. Warner, J. S., & Johnston, R. G. (2003). GPS spoofing countermeasures (Vol. 10, pp. 22–30). Los Alamos National Laboratory: Vulnerability Assessment Team.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mosavi, M. R. (2006). Comparing DGPS corrections prediction using neural network, fuzzy neural network and Kalman filter. Journal of GPS Solutions, 10(2), 97–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mosavi, M. R., & EmamGholipour, I. (2013). De-noising of GPS receivers positioning data using wavelet transform and bilateral filtering. Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, 71(3), 2295–2312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mosavi, M. R., Azad, M. S., & EmamGholipour, I. (2013). Position estimation in single-frequency GPS receivers using Kalman filter with pseudo-range and carrier phase measurements. Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, 72(4), 2563–2576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mosavi, M. R., Nabavi, H., & Nakhaei, A. (2014). Neural technologies for precise timing in electric power systems with a single-frequency GPS receiver. Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, 75(2), 925–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cheng, X. J., Cao, K. J., Xu, J. N., & Li, B. (2009) “Analysis on forgery patterns for GPS civil spoofing signals”, Proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology, (pp. 353–356).

  9. Warner, J. S. & Johnston, R. G. (2002) “A simple demonstration that the global positioning system (GPS) is vulnerable to spoofing”. Journal of Security Administration, 25, 19–28.

  10. Tippenhauer, N. O., Popper, C., Rasmussen K. B., & Capkun S. (2011) “On the requirements for successful GPS spoofing attacks”, Proceedings of the 18 th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, (pp. 75–86).

  11. Nighswander, T., Ledvina, B. Diamond, J. Brumley, R., & Brumley, D. (2012). GPS software attacks. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications networks-security and protection (pp. 450–461).

  12. Ledvina, B. M., Bencze, W. J., Galusha, B. & Miller, I. (2012) “An in-line anti-spoofing device for legacy civil GPS receivers”, Proceedings of the 23 rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 689–712).

  13. Montgomery, P. Y., Humphreys, T. E., & Ledvina, B. M. (2009) “Receiver-autonomous spoofing detection: Experimental results of a multi-antenna receiver defense against a portable civil GPS spoofer”, Institute of International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, (pp. 1–7).

  14. Jahromi, A. J., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012) “GPS vulnerability to spoofing threats and a review of anti-spoofing techniques”. International Journal of Navigation and Observation, 2012, 1–16.

  15. Humphreys, T. E., Ledvina, B. M., Psiaki, M. L., O’Hanlon, B. W., & Kintner, P. M. (2008) “Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer”, Proceedings of the 21 st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 2314–2325).

  16. Papadimitratos, P., & Jovanovic, A. (2008). GNSS-based positioning: Attacks and countermeasures. IEEE Military Communications Conference, 1–8.

  17. Jahromi, A. J., Lin, T., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012) “Detection and mitigation of spoofing attacks on a vector-based tracking GPS receiver”, International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 3–8).

  18. Nielsen, J., Broumandan A., & Lachapelle, G. (2010). Spoofing detection and mitigation with a moving handheld receiver. GPS World Magazine, 21(9), 27–33.

  19. White, N. A., Maybeck, P. S., & DeVilbiss, S. L. (1998). Detection of interference/jamming and spoofing in a DCPS-aided inertial system. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 34(4), 1208–1217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Shepard, D. P., & Humphrey, T. E. (2010). Characterization of receiver response to spoofing attacks. GPS World, 21(9), 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jahromi, A. J., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012). GPS spoofer countermeasure effectiveness based on signal strength, noise power and C/No observables. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 30(4), 181–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wen, H., Huang, P. Y. R., Dyer, J., Archinal A., & Fagan, J., “Countermeasures for GPS signal spoofing”, Proceedings of the 18 th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 1285–1290).

  23. Cavaleri, A., Motella, B., Pini M., & Fantino, M. (2012) “Detection of Spoofed GPS signals at code and carrier tracking level”, Proceedings of the 5 th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing, (pp. 1–6).

  24. Scott, L. (2007). Location assurance. GPS World, 18(7), 14–18.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Humphreys, T. E., Psiaki, M. L., Kintner, P. M., & Ledvina, B. M., (2006) “GNSS receiver implementation on a DSP: Status, challenges and prospects”, Proceedings of the 19 th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 1–13).

  26. Borre, K., Akos, D. M., Bertelsen, N., Rinder, P., & Jensen, S. H. (2007). A software-defined GPS and Galileo receiver: A Single-frequency approach. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114, Narmak, Tehran, Iran

    A. R. Baziar, M. Moazedi & M. R. Mosavi

Authors
  1. A. R. Baziar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Moazedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. R. Mosavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. R. Mosavi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baziar, A.R., Moazedi, M. & Mosavi, M.R. Analysis of Single Frequency GPS Receiver Under Delay and Combining Spoofing Algorithm. Wireless Pers Commun 83, 1955–1970 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2497-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2497-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation