Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) based multi-carrier order division multi-access communication system, in which each user is uniquely identified by an FrFT order. Transform domain communication system (TDCS) with FrFT scheme is also proposed to synthesize the wide-band baseband waveforms in all FrFT domains with different users’ FrFT orders, which enhances the interference avoidance capability of this system under most of interference. Therefore, multiple independent data streams can be transmitted by using FrFT–OFDM in the same time and different FrFT domains. However, chirp bases, as the new kind of carriers with different modulated rates, are merely mutually approximately orthogonal. There is a problem of energy leakage between multiple chirp carriers, which possibly causes the multiple chirp carriers inter-shielding to influence the FrFT–OFDM demodulation performance. An efficient allocation algorithm of multiple chirp carriers by presetting the carrier parameters is proposed to solve this problem. Based on MC-CDMA, a variable bit rate system structure is proposed for TDCS with FrFT scheme under different channel environments. In order to simplify the process of modulation and demodulation of TDCS with FrFT scheme, a whole new cyclic shift key modulation mode in FrFT domain is also proposed. Both theories and simulations confirm strictly the validity of the proposed system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ma, J., Li, G. Y., & Juang, B. H. (2009). Signal processing in cognitive radio. Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5), 805–823.
Mitola, J, III. (1993). Software radios: Survey, critical evaluation and future directions. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 8(4), 25–36.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2), 201–220.
Mitola, J, III. & Maguire, G. Q, Jr. (1999). Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(4), 13–18.
Weiss, T. A., & Jondral, F. K. (2004). Spectrum pooling: An innovative strategy for the enhancement of spectrum efficiency. IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(3), S8–14.
Schmidl, T. M., & Cox, D. C. (1997). Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 45(12), 1613–1621.
Falconer, D., Ariyavisitakul, S. L., Benyamin-Seeyar, A., & Eidson, B. (2002). Frequency domain equalization for single-carrier broadband wireless systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(4), 58–66.
Edfors, O., Sandell, M., Van de Beek, J. J., Wilson, S. K., & Borjesson, P. O. (1998). OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 46(7), 931–939.
German, E. H. (1988). Transform domain signal processing study final report. Technical Report, Reistertown, MD, Contract: F30602-86-C-0133.
Fumat, G., Chargé, P., Zoubir, A., & Fournier-Prunaret, D. (2011). Transform domain communication systems from a multidimensional perspective, impacts on bit error rate and spectrum efficiency. IET Communications, 5(4), 476–483.
Hu, S., Bi, G., Guan, Y. L., & Li, S. (2013). Spectrally efficient transform domain communication system with quadrature cyclic code shift keying. IET Communications, 7(4), 382–390.
DeCusatis, C. M., & Das, P. K. (1990). Spread-spectrum techniques in optical communication using transform domain processing. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 8(8), 1608–1616.
Chakravarthy, V., Nunez, A. S., Stephens, J. P., Shaw, A. K., & Temple, M. A. (2005). TDCS, OFDM, and MC-CDMA: A brief tutorial. IEEE Communications Magazine, 43(9), S11–S16.
Baier, A., Baier, P. W., & Pandit, M. (1985). Spread-spectrum waveforms simplifying transform domain signal processing. IEE Proceedings F (Communications, Radar and Signal Processing), 132(7), 558–560.
Han, C., Wang, J., Gong, S., & Li, S. (2006). Detection and performance of the OFDM-based transform domain communication system. IEEE Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems Proceedings, 2, 1332–1336.
Ozaktas, H. M., Barshan, B., Mendlovic, D., & Onural, L. (1994). Convolution, filtering, and multiplexing in fractional Fourier domains and their relation to chirp and wavelet transforms. JOSA A, 11(2), 547–559.
Mendlovic, D., & Lohmann, A. W. (1997). Space-bandwidth product adaptation and its application to superresolution: Fundamentals. JOSA A, 14(3), 558–562.
Tao, R., Meng, X. Y., & Wang, Y. (2011). Transform order division multiplexing. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59(2), 598–609.
Almeida, L. B. (1994). The fractional Fourier transform and time-frequency representations. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 42(11), 3084–3091.
Pei, S.-C., & Ding, J. J. (2010). Fractional Fourier transform, wigner distribution, and filter design for stationary and nonstationary random processes. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 58(8), 4079–4092.
Tao, R., Li, Y., & Wang, Y. (2010). Short-time fractional fourier transform and its applications. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 58(5), 2568–2580.
Chen, E., Tao, R., & Meng, X. (2006). The OFDM system based on the fractional Fourier transform. ICICIC’06, 3, 14–17.
Wang, H., & Ma, H. (2010). MIMO OFDM systems based on the optimal fractional fourier transform. Wireless Personal Communications, 55(2), 265–272.
Stojanovic, D., Djurovic, I., & Vojcic, B. R. (2009). Interference analysis of multicarrier systems based on affine Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(6), 2877–2880.
Hanzo, L., Münster, M., Choi, B. J., & Keller, T. (2003). OFDM and MC-CDMA for broadband multi-user communications, WLANs and broadcasting. New York: Wiley.
Zahirniak, D. R., Sharpin, D. L., & Fields, T. W. (1998). A hardware-efficient, multirate, digital channelized receiver architecture. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 34(1), 137–152.
Swackhammer, P. J., Temple, M. A., & Raines, R. A. (1999). Performance simulation of a transform domain communication system for multiple access applications. MILCOM, 2, 1055–1059.
Pei, S.-C., & Ding, J. J. (2000). Closed-form discrete fractional and affine Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 48(5), 1338–1353.
Ozaktas, H. M., Kutay, M. A., & Zalevsky, Z. (2000). The fractional Fourier transform with applications in optics and signal processing. New York: Wiley.
Xiang, G. X. (1996). On bandlimited signals with fractional Fourier transform. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 3(3), 72–74.
Zhao, X., Deng, B., & Tao, R. (2005). Dimensional normalization in the digital computation of the fractional Fourier transform (in Chinese). Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 25(4), 360–364.
Zhao, X., Tao, R., Zhou, S., & Wang, Y. (2003). Chirp signal detection and multiple parameter estimation using Radon-ambiguity and fractional Fourier transform (in Chinese). Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 23(3), 371–374, 377.
Capus, C., & Brown, K. (2003). Fractional Fourier transform of the Gaussian and fractional domain signal support. IEE Proceedings-Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 150(2), 99–106.
Bertsekas, D. P., & Tsitsiklis, J. N. (2002). Introduction to probability (Vol. 1). Belmont, MA: Athena Scientific.
Proakis, J. G. (2011). Digital communications (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61331021 and 61201354) and Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20121101130001) and the Cultivation and Development Engineering of Science and Technology Innovation Base (No. Z131101002813088) and Open Research fund Program of Key Lab. for Spacecraft TT&C and Communication, Ministry of Education, China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Z., Tao, R., Wang, Y. et al. A Novel Multi-carrier Order Division Multi-access Communication System Based on TDCS with Fractional Fourier Transform Scheme. Wireless Pers Commun 79, 1301–1320 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1931-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1931-8