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Environmental and crown related factors affecting street tree transpiration in Helsinki, Finland

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Abstract

We investigated the drivers of street tree transpiration in boreal conditions, in order to better understand tree water use in the context of urban tree planning and stormwater management. Two streets built in Helsinki in 2002, hemiboreal zone that had been planted either with Tilia × vulgaris or Alnus glutinosa f. pyramidalis were used as the study sites. Tree water use was measured from sap flow over the 2008–2011 period by the heat dissipation method. Penman-Monteith based evapotranspiration models of increasing complexity were tested against the tree water use measurements to assess the role of environmental and tree related factors in tree transpiration. Alnus and Tilia respectively used 1.1 and 0.8 l of water per m2 of leaf area per day under ample water conditions, but the annual variation was high. The Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration estimate and soil water status changes explained over 80 % of the variation in tree transpiration when the model was parameterized annually. The addition of tree crown surface area in the model improved its accuracy and diminished variation between years and sites. Using single parameterization over all four years instead of annually varying one did not produce reliable estimates of tree transpiration. Tree transpiration, scaled to different canopy cover percentages, implied that the columnar Alnus trees could transpire as much as all annual rainfall at or less than 50 % canopy cover.

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Acknowledgments

The research sites were established in collaboration with the City of Helsinki Public Works Department. This work was partly financed by the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation, the Niemi foundation, The Academy of Finland (grant no. 138328 and ICOS – Finland 263149), the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence (grant no. 272041) and the Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST. We thank Janne Järvinen, Erkki Siivola and Annika Nordbo for their technical assistance and instrument maintenance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, Finland

    Anu Riikonen & Eero Nikinmaa

  2. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, Helsinki, Finland

    Leena Järvi

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  1. Anu Riikonen
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Correspondence to Anu Riikonen.

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Riikonen, A., Järvi, L. & Nikinmaa, E. Environmental and crown related factors affecting street tree transpiration in Helsinki, Finland. Urban Ecosyst 19, 1693–1715 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0561-1

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