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Mediated semi-quantum secure direct communication

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Abstract

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) makes two quantum users transmit secret message directly without first producing a shared secret key. Semi-quantum secure direct communication is a particular case of QSDC when one of the two users is a classical user. How to develop a similar protocol if both users are classical? In this paper, we proposed a mediated semi-quantum secure direct communication protocol where both classical users can transmit secret message with the help of a fully quantum third party. Classical users can generate and measure qubits in the computational basis, so they must rely on the third party to prepare alternative bases and perform alternative measurements. The security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively prevent secret message from eavesdropping even if the third party is untrusted. Moreover, the analysis shows that TP’s measurement operation can be associated with linear optical Bell measurements, where only two of the four Bell states would be measured. Finally, we perform an efficiency analysis that shows the protocol can reduce quantum resources at the expense of efficiency.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for important suggestions that help us improve the quality of the manuscript. This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61572532, 61876195), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (No. 2017B030311011), and the Science and Technology Project of Jiangmen City of China (Nos. 2018JC01008, 2018JC01019, 2019JC01030), and Instituto de Telecomunicações via FCT from UIDB/EEA/50008/2020. X. Zou is supported by NSFC (No. 61871205).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Theory, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Zhenbang Rong & Daowen Qiu

  2. The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Zhenbang Rong & Daowen Qiu

  3. Faculty of intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China

    Zhenbang Rong

  4. SQIG-Instituto de Telecomunicações, Departamento de Matemática, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal

    Paulo Mateus

  5. School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China

    Xiangfu Zou

  6. Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Xiangfu Zou

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  1. Zhenbang Rong
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  2. Daowen Qiu
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  4. Xiangfu Zou
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Rong, Z., Qiu, D., Mateus, P. et al. Mediated semi-quantum secure direct communication. Quantum Inf Process 20, 58 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-02965-2

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