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Inside-reachable and see-through augmented reality Shell for 3D visualization and tangible interaction

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Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) is considered as one of the most essential technologies for providing 3D information visualization superimposed in the physical object. Thus, AR has been applied to various applications such as entertainment, education, and human-computer interaction. In particular, AR cubes have also been widely used since they can provide multi-perspective and immersive 3D visualization. However, an inherent problem in current AR cubes is that they cannot support practical and tangible interactions with both virtual and physical artifacts. Thus, they can only provide simple manipulations with a limited interaction metaphor. In particular, they cannot support internal accessibility and direct manipulation with virtual and physical objects inside the cube. This paper presents a new and innovative form of an AR cube, called inside-reachable and see-through AR shell. The AR shell can support more intuitive and tangible interaction with AR objects than conventional AR cubes. One of the unique characteristics of the AR shell is that the physical tool is accessible inside the shell. To make the AR shell be inside-reachable, each face of the AR shell may have a physical hole. This fabrication of the AR shell supports not only multi-perspective views but also provides tangible and natural interaction through the physical holes. In addition, faces with holes may prevent the AR camera from tracking AR markers consistently and adequately due to the reduced tracking areas. Thus, the proposed AR shell can be made of some faces without holes and the other faces with holes. An occlusion rendering is used for showing depth cues to visualize occlusions, which makes the faces without holes see-through. Therefore, the user can interact with AR objects inside the shell through physical holes while the user views the inside of the shell through physically occluded faces. We have also extended the proposed approach to run in a mobile HMD. We have performed formal quantitative and quantitative analyses by evaluating task performance and questionnaire. Several implementations will be presented to prove the originality and advantage of the proposed AR shell.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A1B03934697 & 2019R1I1A3A01059082). The authors would like to thank Hyeon-Seok Kim for an experimental setup.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea

    Minseok Kim, Kyeong-Beom Park, Sung Ho Choi & Jae Yeol Lee

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  1. Minseok Kim
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  2. Kyeong-Beom Park
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Correspondence to Jae Yeol Lee.

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Kim, M., Park, KB., Choi, S.H. et al. Inside-reachable and see-through augmented reality Shell for 3D visualization and tangible interaction. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 5941–5963 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08324-3

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