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Multipurpose watermarking for vector map protection and authentication

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Abstract

The rapid flourishing of GIS applications has made the copyright protection and content authentication of vector maps two important issues in the digital world. In this paper, a multipurpose watermarking scheme is proposed for the scenarios when the two requirements are needed simultaneously. In the scheme, robust watermark and fragile watermarks are embedded into the host map simultaneously. To avoid the interference between the two kinds of watermarks, robust watermark is embedded into the feature points of the objects in the map, while fragile watermarks are embedded into the nonfeature points. Due to the independence of the feature points and non-feature points, the robust watermark and fragile watermarks can be detected independently. After watermark detection, the robust watermark can be used for copyright protection, and the fragile watermarks can be used for tamper localization and characterization. The fragility of the proposed scheme is analyzed theoretically, and both the robustness and the fragility are verified by a set comprehensive experiments.

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Notes

  1. As Mintzer and Braudaway [23] noted, robust watermark should be embedded first since fragile watermark should be sensitive to any data modification, including robust watermarking.

  2. Feature points are the points that are most essential to represent an object and can not be arbitrarily changed. The classical Douglas-Peucker algorithm [8] is amended to use relative threshold so that the feature points can always be properly selected, even after map scaling.

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Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under grant (No.71603252). This work is also partially supported by a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Yuwei Peng & Hai Lan

  2. Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Mingliang Yue

  3. College of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

    Yu Xue

Authors
  1. Yuwei Peng
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  2. Hai Lan
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  3. Mingliang Yue
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  4. Yu Xue
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuwei Peng.

Additional information

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant (No.71603252). This work is partially supported by a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET).

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Peng, Y., Lan, H., Yue, M. et al. Multipurpose watermarking for vector map protection and authentication. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 7239–7259 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4631-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4631-z

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