Abstract
Forimage retargeting, most approaches only use color information to tackle this problem. In this paper, we analyze both color and depth information captured by a RGB-D camera to maintain the structure and preserve important regions. Particularly, we present a content-aware image retargeting algorithm based on depth information. In addition, we introduce a depth-based importance map, such that deformation of the image is guided by this map. This depth-based importance map is produced automatically by combining gradient, salience, and depth-based measures. More specifically, the depth-based measure is a weight map, in which we analyze depth information and use the mean shift procedure to find the local peak as the central of the important objects, and apply Gaussian distribution to determine the weight. Consequently, this depth-based importance map is used as the input of the discontinuous seam carving algorithm, and the seam is processed by the dynamic programming method. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using the depth-based importance map in the discontinuous seam carving algorithm that it can visually behave better in maintaining the structure and preserving important regions. The proposed method produces much better results than other approaches, that are the state-of-the-art in content-aware image resizing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Avidan S, Shamir A (2007) Seam carving for content-aware image resizing. In: ACM transactions on graphics (TOG), vol 26, p 10
Comaniciu D, Meer P (2002) Mean shift: a robust approach toward feature space analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(5):603–619
Eriksen BA, Eriksen CW (1974) Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Percept Psychophys 16(1):143–149
Eriksen CW, Hoffman JE (1973) The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays. Percept Psychophys 14(1):155–160
Fox E (1998) Perceptual grouping and visual selective attention. Percept Psychophys 60(6):1004–1021
Frankovich M, Wong A (2011) Enhanced seam carving via integration of energy gradient functionals. IEEE Signal Proc Lett 18(6):375–378
Goferman S, Zelnik-Manor L, Tal A (2012) Context-aware saliency detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34(10):1915–1926
Grundmann M, Kwatra V, Han M, Essa I (2010) Discontinuous seam-carving for video retargeting. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 569–576
Juola JF, Bouwhuis DG, Cooper EE, Warner CB (1991) Control of attention around the fovea. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 17(1):125–141
Kahneman D, Treisman A, Gibbs BJ (1992) The reviewing of object files: object-specific integration of information. Cogn Psychol 24(2):175–219
Kim J-S, Jeong S-G, Joo Y, Kim C-S (2011) Content-aware image and video resizing based on frequency domain analysis. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 57(2):615–622
Kim W, Kim C (2011) A texture-aware salient edge model for image retargeting. IEEE Signal Proc Lett 18(11):631–634
Lamb MR, Yund EW (2000) The role of spatial frequency in cued shifts of attention between global and local forms. Percept Psychophys 62(4):753–761
Li J-H, Yeh S-L (2004) The selection basis of visual attention: space-based or object-based? Res Appl Psychol 21:165–194
Mansfield A, Gehler P, Van Gool L, Rother C (2010) Scene carving: scene consistent image retargeting. In: European conference on computer vision (ECCV), pp 143–156
Mansfield A, Gehler P, Van Gool L, Rother C (2012) Visibility maps for improving seam carving. In: European conference on trends and topics in computer vision, pp 131–144
Niu Y, Geng Y, Li X, Liu F (2012) Leveraging stereopsis for saliency analysis. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 454–461
Pritch Y, Kav-Venaki E, Peleg S (2009) Shift-map image editing. In: International conference on computer vision (ICCV), pp 151–158
Rubinstein M, Gutierrez D, Sorkine O, Shamir A (2010) A comparative study of image retargeting. In: ACM transactions on graphics (TOG), vol 29, p 160
Rubinstein M, Shamir A, Avidan S (2008) Improved seam carving for video retargeting. In: ACM transactions on graphics (TOG), vol 27, p 16
Sung Y-H, Tseng W-Y, Lin P-H, Kang L-W, Lin C-Y, Yeh C-H (2013) Significance-preserving-guided content-aware image retargeting. In: Advances in intelligent systems and applications, pp 339–348
Wang Y-S, Tai C-L, Sorkine O, Lee T-Y (2008) Optimized scale-and-stretch for image resizing. ACM Trans Graph (TOG) 27(5)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, WY., Tsai, CF., Wu, PC. et al. Image retargeting using RGB-D camera. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 3155–3170 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1776-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1776-2