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Advances in energy harvesting using low profile piezoelectric transducers

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Abstract

The vast reduction in the size and power consumption of sensors and CMOS circuitry has led to a focused research effort on the on-board power sources which can replace the batteries. The concern with batteries has been that they must always be charged before use. Similarly, the sensors and data acquisition components in distributed networks require centralized energy sources for their operation. In some applications such as sensors for structural health monitoring in remote locations, geographically inaccessible temperature or humidity sensors, the battery charging or replacement operations can be tedious and expensive. Logically, the emphasis in such cases has been on developing the on-site generators that can transform any available form of energy at the location into electrical energy. Piezoelectric energy harvesting has emerged as one of the prime methods for transforming mechanical energy into electric energy. This review article provides a comprehensive coverage of the recent developments in the area of piezoelectric energy harvesting using low profile transducers and provides the results for various energy harvesting prototype devices. A brief discussion is also presented on the selection of the piezoelectric materials for on and off resonance applications. Analytical models reported in literature to describe the efficiency and power magnitude of the energy harvesting process are analyzed.

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Notes

  1. Data for commercial polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic compositions: EDO Corporation (EC-98: d 33.g 33 = 11,388 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 15.6 ×  10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.249); EDO Corporation (EC-65: d 33.g 33 = 9,500 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 25 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.205); Fuji Ceramics Corporation (C-8 : d 33.g 33 = 12,351 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 19.7 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.225); Morgan Electroceramics (PZT-507 : d 33.g 33 = 14,000 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 20 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.226); Morgan Electroceramics (PZT 701 : d 33.g 33 = 6,273 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 41 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.165); APC International (APC 855 : d 33.g 33 = 12,600 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 21 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.223); APC International (APC 850 : d 33.g 33 = 10,400 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 26 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.203); Channel Industries (5600 Navy: d 33.g 33 = 11,110 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 22 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.217); Channel Industries (5400 Navy: d 33.g 33 = 7,830 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 26.1 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.199); Ferroperm (Pz24: d 33.g 33 = 10,260 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 54 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.150); DongIl (D211: d 33.g 33 = 8,820 × 10−15 m2/N, g 33 = 42 × 10−3 m2/C, and n = 1.166).

  2. Thunder—Face International Corp., Norfolk, VA. ; AFC—Advanced Cerametrics Inc., Lambertville, NJ; MFC—Smart Materials Corp., Sarasota, FL; RFD—NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; QuickPack—Mide Technology, Medford, MA; Bimorphs—APC International, Mackeyville, PA.

  3. See footnote 2.

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Acknowledgement

The author is grateful for the support from Texas ARP grant 003656-0010-2006.

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  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Automation and Robotics Research Institute, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA

    Shashank Priya

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Priya, S. Advances in energy harvesting using low profile piezoelectric transducers. J Electroceram 19, 167–184 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9043-4

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