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Real-Time Density and Thickness Estimation of Thin Asphalt Pavement Overlay During Compaction Using Ground Penetrating Radar Data

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Abstract

Achieving desired density is crucial for thin asphalt concrete (AC) overlay construction quality control and quality assurance purposes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be implemented for AC pavement layer thickness and density prediction during compaction. However, the overlapping of GPR reflections from surface and bottom of the thin AC overlay, as well as the presence of surface moisture, jeopardizes the prediction accuracy. In this study, a pavement model with thin AC overlay was simulated using gprMax, a finite-difference time-domain-based tool. Surface moisture was simulated as a 2-mm film with mixed electrical properties of water and AC. A nonlinear optimization method was used to address the overlapping and surface moisture issues simultaneously. The error of the thin AC overlay dielectric constant and thickness prediction results was less than 7% and 10%, respectively. Field test during thin overlay compaction was also performed to validate the proposed method. The AC overlay thickness and density estimation accuracies were 91% and 99%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This publication is based on the results conducted in cooperation with the Illinois Center for Transportation, the Illinois Department of Transportation and the Open Road Paving Company. The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by many individuals including Marshall Thompson and Michael Johnson. Special thanks go to Jeff Kern for his support and assistance. The contents of this paper reflect the view of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Illinois Center for Transportation or the Illinois Department of Transportation. This paper does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Siqi Wang, Shan Zhao & Imad L. Al-Qadi

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  1. Siqi Wang
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  2. Shan Zhao
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  3. Imad L. Al-Qadi
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Correspondence to Siqi Wang.

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Wang, S., Zhao, S. & Al-Qadi, I.L. Real-Time Density and Thickness Estimation of Thin Asphalt Pavement Overlay During Compaction Using Ground Penetrating Radar Data. Surv Geophys 41, 431–445 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09556-6

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