Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Moisture Migration Under Mat Foundations in Nicosia Marl

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper investigates the moisture changes occurring due to rainfall and evaporation under a mat foundation in an expansive soil of Cyprus called Nicosia marl. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were performed on samples of Nicosia marl for the determination of the hydraulic and water retention characteristics. A field water infiltration experiment was performed at a site where pairs of volumetric water content and matric suction sensors were installed at two different depths, in order to back-calculate the in situ hydraulic characteristics. Based on the experimental data and back-calculation results, finite element analysis of moisture migration underneath a mat foundation over the course of a hydrological year were performed using rainfall and evaporation input boundary conditions at the free ground surface consistent with Nicosia climatic data. Series of parametric analyses are performed varying the values of foundation embedment depth, the van Genuchten model parameters, and the vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivities. The parametric study sheds light also on the effectiveness of two ground improvement approaches that are frequently used as remedies in the case of expansive clays, namely prewetting and soil replacement by gravel fill.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abduljauwad SN, Al-Sulaimani GJ, Basunbul IA, Al-Buraim I (1998) Laboratory and field studies of response of structures to heave of expansive clay. Géotechnique 48(1):103–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht BA, Benson CH (2001) Effect of desiccation on compacted natural clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127(1):67–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anagnostopoulos AG, Kalteziotis N, Tsiambaos GK, Kavvadas M (1991) Geotechnical properties of the Corinth Canal marls. Geotech Geol Eng 9(1):1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ankeny MD, Ahmed M, Kaspar TC, Horton R (1991) Simple field method for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55(2):467–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arifin YF, Schanz T (2009) Osmotic suction of highly plastic clays. Acta Geotech 4(3):177–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D422-63. Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007

  • ASTM D5298-10. Standard test method for measurement of soil potential (suction) using filter paper, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010

  • Atalar C (2011) A review of the origin and properties of the soils of Nicosia, Cyprus. Int J Geotech Eng 5(1):79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardanis M, Grifiza S (2012) Soil–water characteristic curves and evolution of the tensile and unconfined compression strength of drying slurried soils. Unsaturated soils: research and applications, In: Mancuso et al. (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on unsaturated soils, vol 1. Springer, Naples, pp 249–256

  • Barnes G (2010) Soil mechanics: principles and practice. Basingstoke, Macmillan International Higher Education

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Benson C, Gribb M (1997) Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory and the field. Unsaturated soil engineering practice, Geotechnical Special Publication. ASCE, Reston, pp 113–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzzi O, Fityus S, Giacomini A (2011) Towards a dimensionless description of soil swelling behaviour. Géotechnique 61:271–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Constantinou G, Panagides I, Xenophontos K, Afrodisis S, Michaelides P, Kramvis S (2002) The geology of Cyprus. Bulletin No. 10, Cyprus Geological Survey, Nicosia

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Garhy BM, Wray WK (2004) Method for calculating the edge moisture variation distance. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 130(9):945–955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredlund DG (2002) Use of soil-water characteristic curve in the implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on unsaturated soils. CRC Press, Recife, pp 20–23

  • Fredlund DG, Rahardjo H (1993) Soils mechanics for unsaturated soils. Wiley, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Galavi V (2010) Groundwater flow, fully coupled flow deformation and undrained analyses in PLAXIS 2D and 3D (p. 290). Internal Report, Delft, Netherlands: PLAXIS bv Research Department

  • Gay DA (1994) Development of a predictive model for pavement roughness on expansive clay, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

  • Gourley CS, Newill D, Schreiner HD (1994) Expansive soils: TRL’s research strategy. In: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on engineering characteristics of arid soils, London

  • Head KH (2006) Manual of soil laboratory testing, volume I. Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath

    Google Scholar 

  • Head KH, Epps RJ (2014) Manual of soil laboratory testing, volume III: effective stress tests. Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillel D, Krentos VD, Stylianou Y (1972) Procedure and test of an internal drainage method for measuring soil hydraulic characteristics in situ. Soil Sci 114(5):395–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland JE, Cimino DJ, Lawrance CE, Pitt WG (1980) The behaviour and design of housing slabs on expansive clays. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on expansive soils. ASCE, pp 448–468

  • Hulseman J (1966) An inventory of marine carbonate materials. J Sediment Petrol 36:622–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahangir E, Deck O, Masrouri F (2013) An analytical model of soil–structure interaction with swelling soils during droughts. Comput Geotech 54:16–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JB Jr (2001) Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jones LD, Jefferson I (2012) Expansive soils. In: Burland J, Chapman T, Skinner H, Brown M (eds) ICE manual of geotechnical engineering. Volume 1: geotechnical engineering principles, problematic soils and site investigation. ICE Publishing, London, pp 413–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Komine H (2004) Simplified evaluation for swelling characteristics of bentonites. Eng Geol 71(3):265–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konrad JM, Ayad R (1997) Desiccation of a sensitive clay: field experimental observations. Can Geotech J 34(6):929–942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo J (2014) Practical design calculations for groundwater and soil remediation. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lee LM, Kassim A, Gofar N (2011) Performances of two instrumented laboratory models for the study of rainfall infiltration into unsaturated soils. Eng Geol 117(1–2):78–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J (1996) Analysis and modelling of performance of footings on expansive soils. Ph.D. Thesis, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia

  • Lytton RL (1994) Prediction of movement in expansive clays. Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments. ASCE, pp 1827–1845

  • Metochis C (1977) Potential evapotranspiration of lucerne. Bulletin No. 21, Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Nicosia

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell PW (1980) The structural analysis of footings on expansive soil. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on expansive soils. ASCE, pp 438–447

  • Mualem Y (1976) A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour Res 12(3):513–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson J, Miller DJ (1997) Expansive soils: problems and practice in foundation and pavement engineering. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CW, Menzies B (2007) Advanced unsaturated soil mechanics and engineering. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulos HG (1984) Parametric solutions for strip footings on swelling and shrinking soils. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on expansive soils, Adelaide, Australia, pp 149–153

  • Rushton KR (2004) Groundwater hydrology: conceptual and computational models. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahid SA (2013) Developments in soil salinity assessment, modeling, mapping, and monitoring from regional to submicroscopic scales. In: Shahid SA, Abdelfattah MA, Taha FK (eds) Developments in soil salinity assessment and reclamation. Springer, Netherlands, pp 3–43

  • Sreedeep S, Singh DN (2006) Methodology for determination of osmotic suction of soils. Geotech Geol Eng 24(5):1469–1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang AM, Cui YJ (2005) Controlling suction by vapour equilibrium technique at different temperatures and its application in determining the water retention properties of MX80 clay. Can Geotech J 42:287–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38(1):55–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toll DG, Mendes J, Gallipoli D, Glendinning S, Hughes PN (2012) Investigating the impacts of climate change on slopes: field measurements. Geol Soc Lond Eng Geol Spec Publ 26(1):151–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsaparas I, Toll DG (2002) Numerical analysis of infiltration into unsaturated residual soil slopes. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on unsaturated soils, vol 2. Swets & Zeitlinger, Recife, pp 755–762

  • van der Merwe DH (1975) Plasticity index and percentage clay fraction of soils. In: Proceedings of the 4th regional conference for Africa on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 2, pp 166–167

  • van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44(5):892–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vu HQ, Fredlund DG (2004) The prediction of one-, two-, and three-dimensional heave in expansive soils. Can Geotech J 41(4):713–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh PF (1974) The design of residential slab-on-ground. Technical Paper No. 5, CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams AAB, Donaldson G (1980) Building on expansive soils in South Africa: 1973–1980. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on expansive soils, vol 2. ASCE, pp 834–844

  • Wray WK (1989) Field measurement of edge moisture variation distance. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Rio de Janeiro, vol 1. pp 663–666

  • Zhang L, Dawes WR, Walker GR (2001) Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale. Water Resour Res 37(3):701–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the personnel of the Technical Services of the University of Cyprus for their support in field work and making available previous geotechnical investigation data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    G. Lazarou & D. Loukidis

  2. Edafos Engineering Consultants S.A., Athens, Greece

    M. Bardanis

Authors
  1. G. Lazarou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Loukidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Bardanis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Loukidis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lazarou, G., Loukidis, D. & Bardanis, M. Moisture Migration Under Mat Foundations in Nicosia Marl. Geotech Geol Eng 37, 1585–1608 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0709-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0709-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation