Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Do LGBTQ-Supportive Corporate Policies Affect Consumer Behavior? Evidence from the Video Game Industry

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper empirically examines how consumers react when a company marks a product with a gay label. The company under scrutiny is one of the largest video game developers in the world, and the labeled product is a popular video game character. We use a regression discontinuity design to exploit the quasi-experimental setting. The main finding was significant drop in demand for this character and a return to previous levels after approximately 3 months. Possible mechanisms and dynamics were explored by analyzing demand for other characters and by surveying consumers. The results are consistent after performing robustness checks based on grid search, subsampling, and placebo tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Research examines the economic impact of same-sex marriage in specific states/regions and find positive associations, e.g., Zhu and Smieliauskas (2021).

  2. In a 2012 poll directed at members of the LGBT community, 92% of the respondents stated that they see society as more accepting than ten years before (Pew Research Center, 2013). Attitudes toward LGBTQs vary greatly throughout the world and change gradually (Haerpfer et al., 2020).

  3. In Twitter, for example, the announcement of Soldier:76’s homosexuality generated negative comments and reactions from multiple users and received much attention, e.g., https://twitter.com/CDawgVA/status/1083331913870426112?s=20.

  4. This means that respondents are not likely to be involved in the demand dynamics that our empirical analysis captured back in 2019.

  5. See, for example, https://twitter.com/BrendenLive/status/1082427372291317760?s=20; https://twitter.com/benny___bee/status/1082382247288807425?s=20; or https://twitter.com/NotTarzan666/status/1082427694753763329?s=20

  6. The results of the survey are available from the authors upon request.

References

  • Adachi, P. J. C., & Willoughby, T. (2016). The longitudinal association between competitive video game play and aggression among adolescents and young adults. Child Development, 87(6), 1877–1892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adamczyk, A., & Liao, Y. C. (2019). Examining public opinion about LGBTQ-related issues in the United States and across multiple nations. Annual Review of Sociology, 45(1), 401–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ailawadi, K. L., Neslin, S. A., Luan, Y. J., & Taylor, G. A. (2014). Does retailer CSR enhance behavioral loyalty? A case for benefit segmentation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 31(2), 156–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angrist, J. D., & Lavy, V. (1999). Using Maimonides’ rule to estimate the effect of class size on scholastic achievement. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2), 533–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anteby, M., & Anderson, C. (2014). The shifting landscape of LGBT organizational research. Research in Organization Behavior, 34, 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barauskaite, G., & Streimikiene, D. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance of companies: The puzzle of concepts, definitions and assessment methods. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 278–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnea, A., & Rubin, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of Business Ethics, 97, 71–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behm-Morawitz, E., & Mastro, D. (2009). The effects of the sexualization of female video game characters on gender stereotyping and female self-concept. Sex Roles, 61(11), 808–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berens, G., Van Riel, C. B., & Van Rekom, J. (2007). The CSR-quality trade-off: When can corporate social responsibility and corporate ability compensate each other? Journal of Business Ethics, 74(3), 233–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand, M., & Duflo, E. (2017). Field experiments on discrimination. In A. V. Banerjee & E. Duflo (Eds.), Handbook of field experiments (Vol. 1, pp. 309–393). North-Holland Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman. Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brahma, S., Gavriilidis, K., Kallinterakis, V., Verousis, T. and Zhang, M. (2021). LGBTQ and finance. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3984415.

  • Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bursztyn, L., & Jensen, R. (2017). Social image and economic behavior in the field: Identifying, understanding, and shaping social pressure. Annual Review of Economics, 9(1), 131–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real-life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 489–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavaco, S., & Crifo, P. (2014). CSR and financial performance: Complementarity between environmental, social and business behaviours. Applied Economics, 46(27), 3323–3338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cespa, G., & Cestone, G. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and managerial entrenchment. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 16, 741–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernev, A., & Blair, S. (2015). Doing well by doing good: The benevolent halo of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1412–1425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chintrakarn, P., Jiraporn, P., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, J. C. (2016). The effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 45, 102–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chintrakarn, P., Treepongkaruna, S., Jiraporn, P., & Lee, S. M. (2020). Do LGBT-supportive corporate policies improve credit ratings? An instrumental-variable analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 162, 31–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, M. (2019a). Thanks for all the messages about ‘Bastet’! Jack and Vincent were in a romantic relationship many years ago. Both identify as gay, Twitter, January 8. Available at: https://twitter.com/westofhouse/status/1082394625837428736.

  • Chu, M. (2019b). Bastet. Available at: https://bnetcmsus-a.akamaihd.net/cms/gallery/rk/RK25WEUAJIPO1546649730105.pdf.

  • Cirucci, A. M. (2013). First person paparazzi: Why social media should be studied more like video games. Telematics and Informatics, 30(1), 47–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clermont, B. (2006). Companies stand to benefit from pro-LGBT policies. Insight Business.

  • Coffman, K. B., Coffman, L. C., & Ericson, K. M. M. (2017). The size of the LGBT population and the magnitude of antigay sentiment are substantially underestimated. Management Science, 63(10), 3168–3186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colgan, F., Creegan, C., McKearney, A., & Wright, T. (2007). Equality and diversity policies and practices at work: Lesbian, LGBT, and bisexual workers. Equal Opportunities International, 26, 590–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creed, W. D., Scully, M. A., & Austin, J. R. (2002). Clothes make the person? The tailoring of legitimating accounts and the social construction of identity. Organization Science, 13, 475–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, G. B., & Nite, C. (2020). LGBT diversity and inclusion, community characteristics, and success. Journal of Sport Management, 34, 533–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, G. B., & Melton, E. N. (2014). Signals and cues: LGBT inclusive advertising and consumer attraction. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 23(1), 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, N. E., & Greene, P. G. (2008). A case for sexual orientation diversity management in small and large organizations. Human Resource Management, 47, 637–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, X., & Xu, Y. (2017). Consumers’ responses to corporate social responsibility initiatives: The mediating role of consumer–company identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(3), 515–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dessel, A. B., Goodman, K. D., & Woodford, M. R. (2017). LGBT discrimination on campus and heterosexual bystanders: Understanding intentions to intervene. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 10(2), 101–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dill, K. E., & Dill, J. C. (1998). Video game violence: A review of the empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 3(4), 407–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ESA. (2021). Essential facts about the video game industry. Available at: https://www.theesa.com/resource/2021-essential-facts-about-the-video-game-industry/.

  • Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friederichsen, P. (2019). Guide to LGBTQ brand marketing. Branding Strategy Insider. Available at: https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/guide-to-lgbtq-brand-marketing/#.YMeJkvn7QuU.

  • Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York times Magazine, 13, 122–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2014). Gay bullying and online opinion expression: Testing spiral of silence in the social media environment. Social Science Computer Review, 32(1), 18–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gestos, M., Smith-Merry, J., & Campbell, A. (2018). Representation of women in video games: A systematic review of literature in consideration of adult female wellbeing. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(9), 535–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberger, A. S. (1972). Selection bias in evaluating treatment effects: Some formal illustrations. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves, P. M., & Thompson, R. F. (1970). Habituation: A dual-process theory. Psychological Review, 77(5), 419–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halbrook, Y. J., O’Donnell, A. T., & Msetfi, R. M. (2019). When and how video games can be good: A review of the positive effects of video games on well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 1096–1104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., Puranen, B., et al. (2020). World values survey: Round seven—country pooled datafile. JD Systems Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22, 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, L., Matthews, T. L., & Schott, M. R. (2013). “That’s so gay!” Exploring college students’ attitudes toward the LGBT population. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(4), 575–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain, M., Atif, M., Ahmed, A., & Mia, L. (2020). Do LGBT workplace diversity policies create value for firms? Journal of Business Ethics, 167(4), 775–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, Y., Funk, D. C., & McDonald, H. (2017). Predicting behavioral loyalty through corporate social responsibility: The mediating role of involvement and commitment. Journal of Business Research, 75, 46–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, E. (2006). More marketing aimed at LGBT consumers. USA Today.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, D., & Malina, M. A. (2008). Managing sexual orientation diversity: The impact on firm value. Group & Organization Management, 33(5), 602–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. M. (2021). LGBT identification rises to 5.6% in latest U.S. estimate. Gallup.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K. N., Brewster, M. E., & Jones, J. A. (2014). The creation and validation of the LGBT ally identity measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(2), 181–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joo, Y. H., Kim, Y., & Yang, S. J. (2011). Valuing customers for social network services. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1239–1244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, D. M. (2006). Can diversity training discriminate? Backlash to lesbian, LGBT, and bisexual diversity initiatives. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 18, 61–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, E. B., & Cortina, J. M. (2010). The social and economic imperative of lesbian, LGBT, bisexual, and transgendered supportive organizational policies. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3, 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinkade, N. & Lim, K. (2015). Dota 2 win prediction. Available at: http://jmcauley.ucsd.edu/cse258/projects/fa15/018.pdf.

  • Lacey, R., Kennett-Hensel, P. A., & Manolis, C. (2015). Is corporate social responsibility a motivator or hygiene factor? Insights into its bivalent nature. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(3), 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. H., & Shin, D. (2010). Consumers’ responses to CSR activities: The linkage between increased awareness and purchase intention. Public Relations Review, 36(2), 193–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, F., & Nagar, V. (2013). Diversity and performance. Management Science, 59(3), 529–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., & Li, C. (2014). Twitter as a social actor: How consumers evaluate brands differently on Twitter based on relationship norms. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 187–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. (2021). Euro 2020 sponsors on lighting up stadiums with Pride ads despite UEFA’s muddled messaging. The Drum. Available at: https://www.thedrum.com/news/2021/06/29/euro-2020-sponsors-lighting-up-stadiums-with-pride-ads-despite-uefas-muddled.

  • McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, H., & Rolfe, H. (2011). Barriers to employees in developing lesbian, LGBT, bisexual and transgender-friendly workplaces. National Institute of Economic and Social Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh, W. Y., Chang, Y. K., & Martynov, A. (2011). The effect of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 283–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onkila, T., & Sarna, B. (2021). A systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR: State of art and future research agenda. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osakwe, C. N., & Yusuf, T. O. (2020). CSR: A roadmap towards customer loyalty. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(13), 1424–1440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palihawadana, D., Oghazi, P., & Liu, Y. (2016). Effects of ethical ideologies and perceptions of CSR on consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4964–4969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parshakov, P. (2021). How to use Google Trends data for empirical research: A short note. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3943287.

  • Patel, P. C., & Feng, C. (2021). LGBT Workplace equality policy and customer satisfaction: The roles of marketing capability and demand instability. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 40(1), 7–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, A. K., McElroy, T., & Leatherberry, T. (2011). Diversity as an engine of innovation. Deloitte Review, 8, 109–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, E. H. (2014). People are furious over Burger King’s gay pride whopper. Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/burger-kings-gay-pride-whopper-2014-7?r=USR=T.

  • Pew Research Center. (2013). A Survey of LGBT Americans. Attitudes, experiences and values in changing times. Available at: https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/06/13/a-survey-of-lgbt-americans/.

  • Pichler, S., Blazovich, J., Cook, K., Huston, J., & Strawser, W. (2018). Do LGBT-supportive corporate policies enhance firm performance? Human Resource Management, 57, 263–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podnar, K., & Javernik, P. (2012). The effect of word of mouth on consumers’ attitudes toward products and their purchase probability. Journal of Promotion Management, 18(2), 145–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pounders, K., & Mabry-Flynn, A. (2016). Consumer response to gay and lesbian imagery: How product type and stereotypes affect consumers’ perceptions. Journal of Advertising Research, 56(4), 426–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B. R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2001). Pink triangles: Antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against LGBT and lesbian employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1244–1261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B. R., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2007). Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1103–1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salvati, M., Ioverno, S., Giacomantonio, M., & Baiocco, R. (2016). Attitude toward gay men in an Italian sample: Masculinity and sexual orientation make a difference. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(2), 109–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salvati, M., Pistella, J., Ioverno, S., Giacomantonio, M., & Baiocco, R. (2018). Attitude of Italian gay men and Italian lesbian women towards gay and lesbian gender-typed scenarios. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15(3), 312–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanaland, A. J., Lwin, M. O., & Murphy, P. E. (2011). Consumer perceptions of the antecedents and consequences of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(1), 47–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, M. C. (2005). Implicit and explicit attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 49(2), 39–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stonewall. (2021). Stonewall top 100 employers. London: Stonewall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Z., Hull, C. E., & Rothenberg, S. (2012). How corporate social responsibility engagement strategy moderates the CSR-financial performance relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 49(7), 1274–1303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, N., & Voorhees, G. (2018). Introduction: Masculinity and gaming: Mediated masculinities in play. In N. Taylor & G. Voorhees (Eds.), Masculinities in play (pp. 1–19). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Theodorakopoulos, N., & Budhwar, P. (2015). Diversity and inclusion in different work settings: Emerging patterns, challenges, and research agenda. Human Resource Management, 54, 177–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, Z., Wang, R., & Yang, W. (2011). Consumer responses to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(2), 197–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Um, N. H. (2014). Does gay-themed advertising haunt your brand? The impact of gay-themed advertising on young heterosexual consumers. International Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 811–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenti, C. (2012). Companies begin marketing to LGBT market. ABC News.

    Google Scholar 

  • Välisalo, T. & Ruotsalainen, M. (2019). “I never gave up”: Engagement with playable characters and esports players of Overwatch. In S. Deterding et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (pp. 1–6). Association for Computing Machinery.

  • Vallaster, C., Lindgreen, A., & Maon, F. (2012). Strategically leveraging corporate social responsibility: A corporate branding perspective. California Management Review, 54(3), 34–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooij, A. J., Meerkerk, G. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Griffiths, M., & van de Mheen, D. (2010). Video game addiction and social responsibility. Addiction Research & Theory, 18(5), 489–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venter, E. (2021). Multinational corporate social responsibility and diversity: Blizzard Entertainment’s Overwatch, the Overwatch league and LGBTQ pride month. In A. L. Hutchins & N. T. Tindall (Eds.), Public relations and online engagement (pp. 52–63). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Voorhees, G., & Orlando, A. (2018). Performing neoliberal masculinity: Reconfiguring hegemonic masculinity in professional gaming. In N. Taylor & G. Voorhees (Eds.), Masculinities in play (pp. 211–227). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, G., & Bartikowski, B. (2013). Exploring corporate ability and social responsibility associations as antecedents of customer satisfaction cross-culturally. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 989–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Gibson, C., & Zander, U. (2020). Is research on corporate social responsibility undertheorized? Academy of Management Review, 45(1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P., & Schwarz, J. L. (2010). Stock price reactions to GLBT nondiscrimination policies. Human Resource Management, 49(2), 195–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M. R., & Lee, M. J. (2000). Internet shopping, consumer search and product branding. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 9(1), 6–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, K. (2019). “Overwatch” hero Soldier 76 is gay and fans love it. Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/soldier-76-gay-queer-overwatch-2019-1.

  • Xu, J. M., Jun, K. S., Zhu, X. & Bellmore, A. (2012). Learning from bullying traces in social media. In E. Fosler-Lussier, E. Riloff, & S. Bangalore (eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human language technologies (pp. 656–666). Association for Computational Linguistics.

  • Zhu, J. Y., & Smieliauskas, W. (2021). Evidence on the economic consequences of marriage equality and LGBT human rights. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Iuliia Naidenova and Petr Parshakov acknowledge the support of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HSE University, Perm, Russia

    Petr Parshakov & Iuliia Naidenova

  2. University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez

  3. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Cornel Nesseler

Authors
  1. Petr Parshakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iuliia Naidenova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cornel Nesseler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Petr Parshakov.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest to report.

Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

Not applicable.

Informed Consent

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 71 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Parshakov, P., Naidenova, I., Gomez-Gonzalez, C. et al. Do LGBTQ-Supportive Corporate Policies Affect Consumer Behavior? Evidence from the Video Game Industry. J Bus Ethics 187, 421–432 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05137-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05137-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation