Abstract
This paper investigates a dynamic event-triggered robust safety control method for multiplayer fully cooperative games with mismatched uncertainties and asymmetric input constraints under continuous-time nonlinear systems. Firstly, to address the safety constraints on the system states, a suitable barrier function is proposed to transform the original constrained system into an unconstrained system. Subsequently, through the construction of an auxiliary system, the robust control (RC) problem is transformed into optimal control problem with auxiliary control laws. Secondly, the control laws are subjected to asymmetric constraints by designing a non-quadratic function. Unlike traditional static event-triggered control, a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism is introduced for updating the control laws. In addition, a new critic neural network (NN) weight update method is constructed to approximate the solution of the event-triggered Hamiltonian Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation by using the concurrent learning technique. Furthermore, Lyapunov’s theorem proves that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, a simulation example of a single-linked robotic arm is provided to verify the validity of the proposed method in this paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Data Availibility
The authors can confirm that all relevant data are included in the article.
References
Li J, Zhang G, Shan Q, Zhang W (2022) A novel cooperative design for USV-UAV systems: 3D mapping guidance and adaptive fuzzy control. IEEE Trans Control Netw Syst 10(2):564–574
Lin Z, Ma J, Duan J, Li S, Ma H, Cheng B, Lee T (2023) Policy iteration based approximate dynamic programming toward autonomous driving in constrained dynamic environment. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 24(5):5003–5013
Ames A, Xu X, Grizzle J, Tabuada P (2017) Control barrier function based quadratic programs for safety critical systems. IEEE Trans Autom Control 62(8):3861–3876
Marvi Z, Kiumarsi B (2020) Safe reinforcement learning: a control barrier function optimization approach. Int J Robust Nonlinear Control 31(6):1923–1940
Qin C, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang J, Hu S, Zhang D (2022) Neural network-based safe optimal robust control for affine nonlinear systems with unmatched disturbances. Neurocomputing 506(28):228–239
Qin C, Qiao X, Wang J, Zhang D, Hou Y, Hu S (2023) Barrier-critic adaptive robust control of nonzero-sum differential games for uncertain nonlinear systems with state constraints. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern: Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2023.3302656
Liu G, Sun Q, Wang R, Hu X (2022) Nonzero-sum game-based voltage recovery consensus optimal control for nonlinear microgrids system. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3151650
Su H, Zhang H, Jiang H, Wen Y (2020) Decentralized event-triggered adaptive control of discrete-time nonzero-sum games over wireless sensor-actuator networks with input constraints. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 31(10):4254–4266
Qin C, Zhang Z, Shang Z, Zhang J, Zhang D (2023) Adaptive optimal safety tracking control for multiplayer mixed zero-sum games of continuous-time systems. Appl Intell 53:17460–17475
Lu J, Wei Q, Wang Z, Zhou T, Wang F (2022) Event-triggered optimal control for discrete-time multi-player non-zero-sum games using parallel control. Inf Sci 584:519–535
Zhang Q, Zhao D, Zhu Y (2017) Data-driven adaptive dynamic programming for continuous-time fully cooperative games with partially constrained inputs. Neurocomputing 238:377–386
Vamvoudakis K, Lewis F (2010) Online actor-critic algorithm to solve the continuous-time infinite horizon optimal control problem. Automatica 46(5):878–888
Liu D, Xue S, Zhao B, Luo B, Wei Q (2020) Adaptive dynamic programming for control: a survey and recent advances. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 51(1):142–160
Yang Y, Pan Y, Xu C, Wunsch D (2022) Hamiltonian-driven adaptive dynamic programming with efficient experience replay. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3213566
Yang Y, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhao B, Li Z, Wunsch D (2022) Sparse online kernelized actor-critic learning in reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Artif Intell Rev 55(1):23–58
Wu Q, Zhao B, Liu D, Polycarpou M (2023) Event-triggered adaptive dynamic programming for decentralized tracking control of input constrained unknown nonlinear interconnected systems. Neural Netw 157:336–349
Liu S, Liu L, Yu Z (2023) Safe reinforcement learning for discrete-time fully cooperative games with partial state and control constraints using control barrier functions. Neurocomputing 517:118–132
Zou H, Zhang G (2023) Dynamic event-triggered-based single-network ADP optimal tracking control for the unknown nonlinear system with constrained input. Neurocomputing 518:294–307
Xue S, Luo B, Liu D, Gao Y (2022) Event-triggered integral reinforcement learning for nonzero-sum games with asymmetric input saturation. Neural Netw 152:212–223
Xue S, Luo B, Liu D, Yang Y (2020) Constrained event-triggered \(H_{\infty } \) control based on adaptive dynamic programming with concurrent learning. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 52(1):357-369
Huo Y, Wang D, Qiao J, Li M (2023) Adaptive critic design for nonlinear multi-player zero-sum games with unknown dynamics and control constraints. Nonlinear Dyn 111:11671–11693
Song R, Liu L, Xia L, Lewis F (2022) Online optimal event-triggered \(H_{\infty } \) control for nonlinear systems with constrained state and input. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 53(1):131–141
Yang X, Zhao B (2020) Optimal neuro-control strategy for nonlinear systems with asymmetric input constraints. IEEE/CAA J Automatica Sinica 7(2):575–583
Zhao Y, Wang H, Xu N, Zong G, Zhao X (2023) Reinforcement learning-based decentralized fault tolerant control for constrained interconnected nonlinear systems. Chaos, Solitons Fractals 167:113034
Li M, Wang D, Zhao M, Qiao J (2023) Event-triggered constrained neural critic control of nonlinear continuous-time multiplayer nonzero-sum games. Inf Sci 631:412–428
Wang D, Mu C (2017) Adaptive-critic-based robust trajectory tracking of uncertain dynamics and its application to a spring-mass-damper system. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 65(1):654–663
Wang D, Liu D, Zhang Y, Li H (2018) Neural network robust tracking control with adaptive critic framework for uncertain nonlinear systems. Neural Netw 97:11–18
Nettari Y, Labbadi M, Kurt S (2023) Adaptive robust finite-time tracking control for quadrotor subject to disturbances. Adv Space Res 71(9):3803–3821
Zhang G, Li J, Jin X, Liu C (2021) Robust adaptive neural control for wing-sail-assisted vehicle via the multiport event-triggered approach. IEEE Trans Cybern 52(12):12916–12928
Wang D, Liu D, Li H, Ma H (2014) Neural-network-based robust optimal control design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems via adaptive dynamic programming. Inf Sci 282:167–179
Liu D, Yang X, Wang D, Wei Q (2015) Reinforcement-learning-based robust controller design for continuous-time uncertain nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(7):1372–1385
Yang Y, Gao W, Modares H, Xu C (2021) Robust actor-critic learning for continuous-time nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 30(6):2101–2112
Zhao J, Na J, Gao G (2022) Robust tracking control of uncertain nonlinear systems with adaptive dynamic programming. Neurocomputing 471:21–30
Tan L (2019) Event-triggered distributed \(H_{\infty } \) constrained control of physically interconnected large-scale partially unknown strict-feedback systems. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 51(4):2444–2456
Yang X, He H (2018) Event-triggered robust stabilization of nonlinear input constrained systems using single network adaptive critic designs. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 50(9):3145–3157
Xue S, Luo B, Liu D (2020) Event-triggered adaptive dynamic programming for unmatched uncertain nonlinear continuous-time systems. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 32(7):2939–2951
Zhang Y, Zhao B, Liu D, Zhang S (2022) Adaptive dynamic programming based event-triggered robust control for multiplayer nonzero-sum games with unknown dynamics1-4mmplease verify and confirm the term “multi-player” has been changed to “multiplayer” in the title of this article. IEEE Trans Cybern 52(8):5151–5164
Le-Dung N, Huynh-Lam P, Hoang-Giap N, Tan-Luy N (2023) Event-triggered distributed robust optimal control of nonholonomic mobile agents with obstacle avoidance formation, input constraints and external disturbances. J Frankl Inst 360(8):5564–5587
Liang M, Liu D (2023) Neuro-optimal event-triggered impulsive control for stochastic systems via ADP. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3232635
Wang T, Wang H, Xu N, Zhang L, Alharbi K (2023) Sliding-mode surface-based decentralized event-triggered control of partially unknown interconnected nonlinear systems via reinforcement learning. Inf Sci 641:119070
Zhao H, Wang H, Niu B, Zhao X, Alharbi K (2023) Event-triggered fault-tolerant control for input-constrained nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances via adaptive dynamic programming. Neural Netw 164:508–520
Zhang S, Zhao B, Liu D, Alippi C, Zhang Y (2023) Event-triggered robust control for multi-player nonzero-sum games with input constraints and mismatched uncertainties. Int J Robust and Nonlinear Control 33(5):3086–3106
Wang J, Wu J, Shen H, Cao J, Rutkowski L (2023) A decentralized learning control scheme for constrained nonlinear interconnected systems based on dynamic event-triggered mechanism. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst 53(8):4934–4943
Mu C, Wang K, Qiu T (2020) Dynamic event-triggering neural learning control for partially unknown nonlinear systems. IEEE Trans Cybern 52(4):2200–2213
Yang X, Xu M, Wei Q (2022) Dynamic event-sampled control of interconnected nonlinear systems using reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3178017
Mu C, Wang K, Sun C (2020) Learning control supported by dynamic event communication applying to industrial systems. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 17(4):2325–2335
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by science and technology research project of the Henan province (222102240014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
C.Q. and T.Z. provided methodology, validation, and writing-original draft preparation; K.J. provided conceptualization, writing-review; J.Z. provided supervision; C.Q. provided funding support. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Qin, C., Zhu, T., Jiang, K. et al. Dynamic event-triggered robust safety control for multiplayer fully cooperative games with mismatched uncertainties and asymmetric input constraints. Appl Intell 54, 749–766 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-023-05233-9
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-023-05233-9