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Tree species and size influence soil water partitioning in coffee agroforestry

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Abstract

Complementary use of resources is considered a strong driver of enhanced performance in mixed-species assemblages. In income-producing agroforestry systems, economically valuable species will ideally benefit from resource partitioning. In agroforests in southern India, we assessed soil water uptake depths of coffee and different shade tree species at the end of the dry season, when water availability is regarded critical. Water isotopes ratios (δD and δ18O) from soil and plant samples were analyzed and an isotope mixing model was applied. Results suggest that coffee plants drew water mainly from the top soil (56% from 0 to 20 cm), and to a lower extent from the subsoil. Jackfruit trees had very similar uptake patterns, which suggest competition. Mango trees showed reverse patterns of water uptake with soil depth, i.e. drew more than 75% from the subsoil, which suggests spatial complementarity to coffee. Within and across shade tree species, soil water uptake from the top soil increased with increasing diameter. We suggest that shade tree species choice and diameter regulation are viable options in management for soil water use complementarity.

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Acknowledgements

We kindly acknowledge financial support from the International Fellowship Program of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India. We also thank Prof. Dr. N. B. Prakash, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, for support and guidance and the research assistants Jagadish, M. R. and Mr. Sathya for their support during data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    H. C. Hombegowda, Michael Köhler, Alexander Röll & Dirk Hölscher

  2. Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Center, Sunabeda, Odisha, India

    H. C. Hombegowda

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  1. H. C. Hombegowda
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  2. Michael Köhler
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  3. Alexander Röll
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  4. Dirk Hölscher
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Correspondence to H. C. Hombegowda.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 7, 8, 9 and Table 3.

Fig. 7
figure 7

Comparison of the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and our soil water samples metric line. The slope of the soil water line is 4.1 (GMWL: 8.0); the R2 of the linear regression between δD (‰) and δ18O (‰) of soil water is 0.80 (at p < 0.001)

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Fig. 8
figure 8

Plant and soil water δD values for shade trees and coffee plants. Values are mean ± SD (n = 10 for shade trees and n = 15 for coffee plants). The grey bars indicate the depth of water uptake as derived from the xylem water signature, as indicated by graphical interference

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Fig. 9
figure 9

Xylem water δD values in relation to diameter at breast height (dbh) for shade trees (n = 10 per shade tree species)

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Table 3 Soil variables agroforests (Hombegowda et al. 2016) and dominant shade tree species of the studied coffee as well as δD values of nearest open well water
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Hombegowda, H.C., Köhler, M., Röll, A. et al. Tree species and size influence soil water partitioning in coffee agroforestry. Agroforest Syst 94, 137–149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-019-00375-7

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