Abstract
Carbon dots synthesized from citric acid and ethylene diamine by a one-step hydrothermal technique were used to develop a carbon dot-based paper immunoassay (CDPIA) for rapid detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen. In the present study, the 96-well template was hand patterned using a wax pencil, as a prototype method, on two types of paper, (1) Whatman filter paper and (2) nitrocellulose paper. The sandwich immunoassay was performed on both paper microplates for detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen which is an early marker of HIV infection. The detection range was from 10 μg/mL to 1 ng/mL for the Whatman filter paper while the nitrocellulose paper exhibited a higher range from 10 μg/mL to 250 pg/mL. CDPIA on the nitrocellulose paper (CDNIA) exhibited a fourfold increase in sensitivity and reduced the assay time by threefold compared with CDPIA on Whatman paper (CDWIA). HIV-negative and HIV-positive plasma samples were tested using CDNIA for the presence of HIV-1 p24 antigen. This immunoassay exhibited no false-positive and false-negative results with the clinical samples tested. This simple and sensitive paper-based HIV-1 p24 antigen assay may be useful in preventing HIV transmission by blood transfusion in resource-limited settings by reducing the antibody negative, infectious window period in blood donors and for early diagnosis of HIV infected individuals where nucleic acid-based testing is not practical or feasible.
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Acknowledgments
All authors are grateful to Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba for his constant inspiration and guidance. Aditya Kurdekar thanks DST for their support through the DST-INSPIRE Fellowship program, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. L. A. Avinash Chunduri acknowledges UGC, Government of India for BSR fellowship. We acknowledge with gratitude Prof. S. Sampath for providing the TEM facility for characterization.
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Kurdekar, A., Chunduri, L.A., Bulagonda, E.P. et al. Comparative performance evaluation of carbon dot-based paper immunoassay on Whatman filter paper and nitrocellulose paper in the detection of HIV infection. Microfluid Nanofluid 20, 99 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-016-1763-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-016-1763-9