Abstract
For real-time precise orbit determination (POD) of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, high-accuracy global navigation satellite system (GNSS) orbit and clock products are necessary in real time. Recently, the Japanese multi-GNSS advanced demonstration of orbit and clock analysis precise point positioning (PPP) service and the new generation of the Australian/New Zealand satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS)-aided PPP service provide free and precise GNSS products that are directly broadcast through the navigation and geostationary earth orbit satellites, respectively. With the high quality of both products shown in this study, a 3D accuracy of centimeters can be achieved in the post-processing mode for the reduced-dynamic orbits of small LEO satellites having a duty cycle down to 40% and at sub-dm to dm level for the kinematic orbits. The results show a promising future for high-accuracy real-time POD onboard LEO satellites benefiting from the precise free-of-charge PPP corrections broadcast by navigation systems or SBAS.
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The MADOCA L6E PPP products were obtained from the JAXA ftp://mgmds01.tksc.jaxa.jp/mdc1/. The IGS final, ultra-rapid, and the RTS products were obtained from the NASA CDDIS https://cddis.nasa.gov/archive/gnss/products/rtpp/. The CNES real-time products were obtained from http://www.ppp-wizard.net/products/REAL_TIME/. The data of GRACE-FO-1 were obtained from the NASA JPL https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/gracefo/L1B/JPL/RL04/ASCII/. The observation data and the reference orbits of the Sentinel-3B were obtained from the ESA via https://scihub.copernicus.eu/gnss/#/home and https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-3/ground-segment/pod/products-requirements, respectively. The SBAS-aided PPP L5 corrections are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The data are processed with the Bernese GNSS Software version 5.2.
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Acknowledgement
We would like to thank the GMV team for providing the GNSS satellite orbits and clocks of the SBAS-aided L5 PPP service. Special thanks are given to Julián Barrios from GMV and Hiroshi Takiguchi from JAXA for discussions of the processing details of the MADOCA and the SBAS-aided PPP products. The work is funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project: Tracking Formation-Flying of Nanosatellites Using Inter-Satellite Links (DP 190102444).
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Allahvirdi-Zadeh, A., Wang, K. & El-Mowafy, A. POD of small LEO satellites based on precise real-time MADOCA and SBAS-aided PPP corrections. GPS Solut 25, 31 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01078-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01078-8