Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Precision comparison and analysis of four online free PPP services in static positioning and tropospheric delay estimation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
GPS Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Observation data sets from three different periods and 23 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations spread over the world were processed in static mode using four online free precise point positioning (PPP) services: Automatic Precise Positioning Service (APPS), GPS Analysis and Positioning Software, Canadian Spatial Reference System precise point positioning service, and Magic-PPP. The estimated positions of the 23 IGS stations were compared with the published values. The estimated zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) at these stations were compared with the corresponding IGS troposphere products published on the IGS Web site. Furthermore, in order to analyze PPP precision for short observation periods, GPS observation data sets with a sampling rate of 1 s collected by one CORS station were also processed by the four online PPP services. Calculation shows that the precision of daily solutions for north and east (N/E) components estimated by the four online PPP services can reach millimeter level, the precision of ellipsoid elevation (H) can reach 1–2 cm, and precision of ZTDs estimation results is approximately 1–2 cm. Compared with the corresponding values published on the IGS Web site, the precision of ZTDs estimated by APPS is higher than those estimated by the other three PPP online services; the differences between ZTDs by APPS and IGS values are mostly within ±1 cm. For PPP with short observation periods, the precision of N/E components within 2, 1, and 0.5 h observation periods can reach about 2–3, 2–7, and 3–8 cm, respectively, while the precision of H components is about 3–5, 5–12, and 10–18 cm, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Métivier L (2011) ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame. J Geodesy 85(8):457–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertiger W, Desai SD, Haines B et al (2010) Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data. J Geodesy 84(5):327–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dow JM, Neilan RE, Rizos C (2009) The International GNSS Service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. J Geodesy 83(3–4):191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao P, Guo F, Lv C, Tang L (2011) Precision analysis and comparison of on-line precise point positioning services. Glob Position Syst 3:21–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoddousi-Fard R, Dare P (2006) Online GPS processing services: an initial study. GPS Solut 10(1):12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grinter T, Roberts C (2011) Precise point positioning: where are we now? International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Society IGNSS symposium 2011, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 15–17 November

  • Grinter T, Roberts C (2013) Real time precise point positioning: are we there yet? International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Society IGNSS symposium outrigger, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, 16–18 July

  • Kouba J (2009) A guide to using International GNSS Service (IGS) products. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/usage.html

  • Kouba J, Heroux P (2001) Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solut 5(2):12–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leandro RF, Santos MC, Langley RB (2007) GAPS: the GPS analysis and positioning software—a brief overview. In: Proceedings of the ION GNSS 2007, Institute of Navigation, 25–28, September, Fort Worth, TX, pp 1807–1811

  • Martín A, Anquela AB, Capilla R, BernéJ L (2011) PPP technique analysis based on time convergence, repeatability, IGS products, different software processing, and GPS + GLONASS constellation. J Surv Eng 137(3):99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu YB (2011) The precision comparison and analysis of online PPP software. Geomat Spat Inf Technol 34(4):167–169

  • Zumberge J, Heflin M, Jefferson D, Watkins M, Webb FH (1997) Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. J Geophys Res 102(B3):5005–5017

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301509) and Shandong Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Construction Technology Project Plan (KY026). The author greatly appreciates the efforts of the IGS, the analysis and data Center, and the tracking stations managers for generating high-quality data and products, and making them available to the GNSS community in a timely and reliable manner. The author also thanks the online PPP software service systems and their valuable comments on how to use the online PPP services. The author also greatly appreciates the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China

    Qiuying Guo

Authors
  1. Qiuying Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qiuying Guo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guo, Q. Precision comparison and analysis of four online free PPP services in static positioning and tropospheric delay estimation. GPS Solut 19, 537–544 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0413-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0413-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation