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Fast bilateral filter with spatial subsampling

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Abstract

The bilateral filter is a non-linear edge-preserving filter that can be adopted in a variety of tasks in computer photography. However, the naive bilateral filter is computationally expensive. Existing researches on the acceleration of bilateral filter mostly concentrate on range approximation. Nevertheless, the range kernel has more impact on the bilateral filter than the spatial kernel. Range approximation would have more side effects. In this paper, we propose a novel approximation of the bilateral filter with spatial subsampling, where the affinity matrix is estimated from a subset of it. We show that the main computational burden of our approximation is a large linear system, for which we propose an efficient iterative algorithm to solve. We have carried out both quantitative and qualitative experiments to evaluate our fast bilateral filter. Experimental results suggest that the proposed filter outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in approximation accuracy. The proposed filter is highly efficient; under a moderate sampling rate, i.e., \((1/5)\times (1/5)\), it needs 0.29s to process a color image with 1 megapixel on an Intel i7-9700 CPU.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61902155, in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2015M571688, and in part by the Jiangsu University under Grant No. 19JDG024.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

    Yang Yang, Yiwen Xiong, Yanqing Cao, Lanling Zeng, Yan Zhao & Yongzhao Zhan

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  1. Yang Yang
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  2. Yiwen Xiong
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  3. Yanqing Cao
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  4. Lanling Zeng
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  5. Yan Zhao
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Correspondence to Yang Yang.

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Yang, Y., Xiong, Y., Cao, Y. et al. Fast bilateral filter with spatial subsampling. Multimedia Systems 29, 435–446 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-022-01004-7

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