Abstract
Current national and international regulations, along with growing environmental concerns, have deeply influenced the design of supply chain networks. These decisions stem from the fact that decision-makers try to design the supply chain network to align with their economic and environmental objectives. In this paper, a new closed-loop supply chain network with sales agency and customers is formulated. The proposed model has four echelons in the forward direction and five echelons in the backwards direction. The model not only considers several constraints from previous studies, but also addresses new constraints in order to better explore real-life problems that employ different transportation modes and that rely on sale agency centers. The objective function is to maximize the total profit. In addition, this study firstly considers distinct cluster of customers based on the product life cycle. These customers are utilized in different levels of the proposed network in order to purchase the final products, returned products, and recycled products. The structure of the model is based on linear mixed-integer programming, and the proposed model has been investigated through a case study regarding the manufacturing industry. To verify the model efficiency, a set of metaheuristics and hybrid algorithm are applied in various test problems along with a data from a real-world case study in a building construction industry. The findings of the proposed network illustrated that using the attributes of sale agency centers and clusters of customers both increase the problem total revenue and the number of the collected returned products.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the NYUAD Center for Interacting Urban Networks (CITIES), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award CG001 and by the Swiss Re Institute under the Quantum Cities.
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The authors of this research entitled “Designing A Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Considering Multi-Task Sales Agencies and Multi-Mode Transportation” certify that all the co-authors have made substantial contributions to the reported work and had an active part in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication before its appearance in the “Soft Computing” journal. Ali Zahedi contributed to conceptualization, methodology, and writing—original draft. Amirhossein Salehi-Amiri contributed to methodology, project administration, and visualization. Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli contributed to supervision, and writing–review and editing. Ali Diabat contributed to data curation, software, and validation.
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Zahedi, A., Salehi-Amiri, A., Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. et al. Designing a closed-loop supply chain network considering multi-task sales agencies and multi-mode transportation. Soft Comput 25, 6203–6235 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05607-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05607-6