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Larvicidal and repellent activity of essential oils from wild and cultivated Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), an arbovirus vector

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Abstract

Rutaceae are widely recognized for their toxic and repellent activity exerted against mosquitoes. In our research, the essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of wild and cultivated plants of Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) were evaluated for larvicidal and repellent activity against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), currently the most invasive mosquito worldwide. In this research, gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of the essential oils from wild and cultivated plants showed only quantitative differences, in particular relatively to the amounts of ketone derivatives, while the qualitative profile evidenced a similar chemical composition. Both essential oils from wild and cultivated R. chalepensis plants were able to exert a very good toxic activity against A. albopictus larvae (wild plants, LC50 = 35.66 ppm; cultivated plants, LC50 = 33.18 ppm), and mortality was dosage dependent. These data are the first evidence of the toxicity of R. chalepensis against mosquitoes. Furthermore, the R. chalepensis essential oil from wild plants was an effective repellent against A. albopictus, also at lower dosages: RD50 was 0.000215 μL/cm2 of skin, while RD90 was 0.007613 μL/cm2. Our results clearly evidenced that the larvicidal and repellent activity of R. chalepensis essential oil could be used for the development of new and safer products against the Asian tiger mosquito.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Angelo Canale (University of Pisa) for his insightful critical comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Helen Romito (Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa) for the language proofreading, Alessandra Francini (Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa) for the statistical advices, Pancrazio Campagna for providing the pictures of R. chalepensis, Giulia Fiore, Isaia Nisoli, Francesca Baroncelli, and Lorenzo Rossi for the superb assistance, and the ten patient volunteers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Barbara Conti, Raffaele Profeti & Giovanni Benelli

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Michele Leonardi & Luisa Pistelli

  3. Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj-Cedria, Hammam Lif, 2050, Tunisia

    Ines Ouerghemmi

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  1. Barbara Conti
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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

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Conti, B., Leonardi, M., Pistelli, L. et al. Larvicidal and repellent activity of essential oils from wild and cultivated Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), an arbovirus vector. Parasitol Res 112, 991–999 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3221-2

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