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A spatio-temporal wavelet-based descriptor for dynamic 3D facial expression retrieval and recognition

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Abstract

Human emotions are often expressed by facial expressions and are generated by facial muscle movements. In recent years, the analysis of facial expressions has emerged as an active research area due to its various applications such as human–computer interaction, human behavior understanding, biometrics, emotion recognition, computer graphics, driver fatigue detection, and psychology. A novel analysis of dynamic 3D facial expressions using the positional information of automatically detected facial landmarks and the wavelet transformation is presented, which results in the proposed spatio-temporal descriptor. This descriptor is employed within the current paper in a retrieval scheme for dynamic 3D facial expression datasets and is thoroughly evaluated. Experiments have been conducted using the six prototypical expressions of the publicly available BU-4DFE dataset as well as the eight expressions included in the newly released publicly available BP4D-Spontaneous dataset. The obtained retrieval results outperform the retrieval results of the state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, the retrieval results are exploited to achieve unsupervised dynamic 3D facial expression recognition. The aforementioned unsupervised procedure achieves better recognition accuracy compared to supervised dynamic 3D facial expression recognition state-of-the-art techniques.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Antonios Danelakis & Theoharis Theoharis

  2. IDI, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

    Theoharis Theoharis

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece

    Ioannis Pratikakis

Authors
  1. Antonios Danelakis
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  2. Theoharis Theoharis
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  3. Ioannis Pratikakis
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Correspondence to Antonios Danelakis.

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Danelakis, A., Theoharis, T. & Pratikakis, I. A spatio-temporal wavelet-based descriptor for dynamic 3D facial expression retrieval and recognition. Vis Comput 32, 1001–1011 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-016-1243-y

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