Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Modelling deformations in car crash animation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we present a prototype of a deformation engine to efficiently model and render the damaged structure of vehicles in crash scenarios. We introduce a novel system architecture to accelerate the computation, which is traditionally an extremely expensive task. We alter a rigid body simulator to predict trajectories of cars during a collision and formulate a correction procedure to estimate the deformations of the collapsed car structures within the contact area. Non-linear deformations are solved based on the principle of energy conservation. Large plastic deformations resulting from collisions are modelled as a weighted combination of deformation examples of beams which can be produced using classical mechanics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. Ambrósio, J.: Contact and impact models for vehicle crashworthiness simulation. Int. J. Crash 8(1), 73–86 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Baraff, D.: Dynamic Simulation of non-penetrating rigid bodies. PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, Cornell University (1992)

  3. Baraff, D.: Rigid body simulation. In: Physically Based Modeling: SIGGRAPH 2001 Course 25 (2001)

  4. Barr, A.H.: Global and local deformations of solid primitives. In: SIGGRAPH’84, pp. 21–30 (1984)

  5. Belytschko, T.: On computational methods for crashworthiness. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Vehicle Structural Mechanics, SAE, Detroit, pp. 93–102 (1988)

  6. Bergou, M., Wardetzky, M., Robinson, S., Audoly, B., Grinspun, E.: Discrete elastic rods. In: SIGGRAPH ’08, pp. 1–12 (2008)

  7. Bertails, F., Audoly, B., Cani, M., Querleux, B., Leroy, F., Lévêque, J.: Super-helices for predicting the dynamics of natural hair. In: SIGGRAPH’06, pp. 1180–1187 (2006)

  8. Bridson, B., Fedkiw, R., Anderson, J.: Robust treatment of collisions, contact and friction for cloth animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 594–603 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang, J., Shepherd, D., Zhang, J.J.: Cosserat-beam-based dynamic response modelling. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 18(4–5), 429–436 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chang, J., Zhang, J.J.: Mesh-free deformations. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 15(3–4), 211–217 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Coquillart, S.: Extended free-form deformation: a sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modelling. In: SIGGRAPH’90, pp. 187–196 (1990)

  12. GamesInvestor: Playing for Keeps—Challenges to Sustaining a World Class UK Games Sector, Monograph 2—Intellectual Property, Game Investor Consulting Ltd. (2007). http://www.gamesinvestor.com/Research/Reports/Playing_For_Keeps_07/playing_for_keeps_07.html. Accessed Decemeber 2008

  13. Genta, G.: Motor Vehicle Dynamics: Modelling and Simulation. World Scientific, London (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gladden, J.R., Nandzy, N.Z., Belmonte, A., Villermaux, E.: Dynamic buckling and fragmentation in brittle rods. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(035503), 1–4 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Grégoire, M., Schömer, E.: Interactive simulation of one-dimensional flexible parts. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Solid and Physical Modelling, pp. 95–103 (2006)

  16. Grzesikiewicz, G., Janusz, J., Krzysztof, S.: Chosen aspects of the crush energy determination. In: EVU-Annual Meeting 2007, European Association for Accident Research and Analysis (2007). http://smart.ippt.gov.pl/pdf/2007_krakow_WG-JJ-KS.pdf. Accessed December 2008

  17. Happian-Smith, J.: An Introduction to Modern Vehicle Design. Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd., Oxford (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Irving, G., Schroeder, C., Fedkiw, R.: Volume conserving finite element simulations of deformable models. ACM Trans. Graph. 26(3), article 13 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jones, N.: Structural Impact. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kuschfeldt, S., Holzner, M., Sommer, O., Ertl, T.: Efficient visualization of crash-worthiness simulations. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 18(4), 60–65 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. LSTC, LS-DYNA, Livermore Software Technology Corporation (2008). http://www.ls-dyna.com/. Accessed December 2008

  22. Miller, G.: The motion dynamics of snakes and worms. In: SIGGRAPH’88, pp. 169–178 (1988)

  23. Müller, M., Dorsey, J., McMillan, L., Jagnow, R., Cutler, B.: Stable real-time deformations. In: SCA’02, pp. 49–54 (2002)

  24. Müller, M., Keiser, R., Nealen, A., Pauly, M., Gross, M., Alexa, M.: Point-based animation of elastic, plastic and melting objects. In: SCA’04, pp. 141–151 (2004)

  25. Müller, M., Heidelberger, B., Teschner, M., Gross, M.: Meshless deformations based on shape matching. In: SIGGRAPH ’05, pp. 471–478 (2005)

  26. NCAC: NCAC Models (2009). http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/vml/models.html. Accessed May 2009

  27. Nilsson, K., Sørensen, N.J.: A study of plastic waves during dynamic buckling of ductile slabs. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 10, 569–580 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pai, D.: Strands: Interactive simulation of thin solids using Cosserat models. Comput. Graph. Forum 21(3), 347–352 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Pauly, M., Keiser, R., Adams, B., Dutré, P., Gross, M., Guibas, L.: Meshless animation of fracturing solids. In: SIGGRAPH ’05, pp. 957–964 (2005)

  30. Pseudo Interactive: Crash Project (2008). http://www.pseudointeractive.com/projects-crash.php. Accessed December 2008

  31. Rodrigues, T., Pires, R., Dias, J.M.: D4MD: Deformation system for a vehicle simulation game. In: Proc. ACM Sigchi ACE 2005, pp. 330–333. ACM, New York (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Sederberg, T.W., Parry, S.R.: Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. In: SIGGRAPH’86, pp. 151–160 (1986)

  33. Smith, L.: Alex Ward: real physics don’t always make great gameplay, 1up news (2006). http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3153420. Accessed December 2008

  34. Sousa, L., Veríssimo, P., Ambrósio, J.: Development of generic multibody road vehicle models for crashworthiness. Multibody Syst. Dyn. 19, 133–158 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Spillmann, J., Teschner, M.: CoRdE: Cosserat rod elements for the dynamic simulation of one-dimensional elastic objects. In: SCA’07, pp. 63–72 (2007)

  36. Teran, J., Sifakis, E., Irving, G., Fedkiw, R.: Robust quasistatic finite elements and flesh simulation. In: SCA ’05, pp. 181–190 (2005)

  37. Terzopoulos, D., Fleischer, K.: Modeling inelastic deformation: viscoelasticity, plasticity, fracture. In: SIGGRAPH’88, pp. 269–278 (1988)

  38. Terzopoulos, D., Platt, J., Barr, A., Fleischer, K.: Elastically deformable models. In: SIGGRAPH’87, pp. 205–214 (1987)

  39. Vaughn, D.G., Canning, J.M., Hutchinson, J.W.: Coupled plastic wave propagation and column buckling. J. Appl. Mech. 72(7), 139–146 (2005)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Vaughn, D.G., Hutchinson, J.W.: Bucklewaves. Eur. J. Mech. A, Solids 25, 1–12 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. Wiedermann, J.: 500 3D-objects, Taschen (2002)

  42. Wojtan, C., Turk, G.: Fast viscoelastic behavior with thin features. In: SIGGRAPH ’08, pp. 1–8 (2008)

  43. York, R., Day, T.R.: The DyMESH method for three-dimensional multi-vehicle collision simulation. SAE Paper 1999-01-0104, pp. 1–18 (1999)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Computer Animation, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK

    Jian Chang, Jian J. Zhang & Rehan Zia

Authors
  1. Jian Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jian J. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rehan Zia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jian J. Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chang, J., Zhang, J.J. & Zia, R. Modelling deformations in car crash animation. Vis Comput 25, 1063–1072 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-009-0386-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-009-0386-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation