Abstract
A proper planning schedule for tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction is considered as a necessary and difficult task in tunneling projects. Therefore, prediction of TBM performance with high degree of accuracy is needed to prepare a suitable planning schedule. This study aims to predict the advance rate of TBMs using optimized extreme learning machine (ELM) model with six particles swam optimization (PSO) techniques. Hence, six deterministically adaptive models, including time-varying acceleration (TAC)–PSO–ELM, improved PSO–ELM, Modified PSO–ELM, TAC–MeanPSO–ELM, improved MeanPSO–ELM, and Modified MeanPSO–ELM were developed. A number of performance criteria along with ranking system were used to identify the best model. The results showed that modified MeanPSO–ELM achieved the highest cumulative ranking (56), while the modified PSO–ELM achieved the lowest cumulative ranking (51). For training phase, improved PSO–ELM and TAC–PSO–ELM achieved the highest ranking (30) for each. The TAC–MeanPSO–ELM obtained the lowest ranking in the testing phase (29). Concerning the coefficient of determination (R2), modified PSO–ELM, improved PSO–ELM, TAC–PSO–ELM, and modified MeanPSO–ELM showed a similar behavior and achieved 0.97 for training and 0.96 for testing phases. Two models, including improved MeanPSO–ELM and TAC–MeanPSO–ELM achieved the same R2 of 0.96 for both training and testing phases. The findings of this study suggest that the hybridization of ELM and PSO may result in more accurate results than single ELM model to predict the TBM advance rate.
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Abbreviations
- ANFIS:
-
Adoptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
- ELM:
-
Extreme learning machine
- TBM:
-
Tunnel boring machine
- PR:
-
Penetration rate
- FCM:
-
Fuzzy c–means
- GMDH:
-
Group modeling of data handling
- SLFN:
-
Single-hidden layer feedforward neural network
- AR:
-
Advance rate
- TAC:
-
Time-varying acceleration
- ANN:
-
Artificial Neural Network
- MPSO:
-
Modified PSO
- P:
-
Population size
- w :
-
Inertia weight
- C :
-
Exploitation operator
- PSO:
-
Particle swarm optimization
- UCS:
-
Uniaxial compressive strength
- XGB:
-
Extreme gradient boosting
- AI:
-
Artificial intelligence
- GEP:
-
Gene expression programming
- GP:
-
Genetic programming
- ML:
-
Machine learning
- RQD:
-
Rock quality designation
- TFC:
-
Trust force per cutter
- RPM:
-
Revolution per minute
- WZ:
-
Weathering zone
- RMR:
-
Rock mass rating
- R 2 :
-
Coefficient of determination
- DA:
-
Deterministically adaptive
- FPI:
-
Field penetration index
- RMSE:
-
Root mean square error
- α :
-
Planes of weakness
- SVR:
-
Support vector regression
- ICA:
-
Imperialism competitive algorithm
- PSRWT:
-
Pahang Selangor raw water transfer
- WOA:
-
Whale optimization algorithm
- gbest:
-
Global solution
- pbest:
-
Local solution
- UA:
-
Uncertainty analysis
- RMSE:
-
Root mean square error
- MAE:
-
Mean absolute error
- SVM:
-
Support vector machine
- DNN:
-
Deep neural network
- MFO:
-
Moth flame optimization
- BTS:
-
Brazilian tensile strength
- DPW:
-
Distance between planes of weakness
- BI:
-
Rock brittleness
- α:
-
Angle between plane of weakness and TBM-driven direction
- Q:
-
Quartz content
- PSI:
-
Peak slope index
- Qu:
-
Quartz percentage
- Rs:
-
Rotational speed of TBM
- Js:
-
Joint spacing
- Jc:
-
Joint condition
- SE:
-
Specific energy
- CP:
-
Cutterhead power
- CT:
-
Cutterhead torque
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Acknowledgements
The first author would like to acknowledge the Science and Technology Planning Project of Chongqing Education Commission (KJQN201804305) (JG-KJ-2019-006). In addition, the corresponding author would like to acknowledge Geotropik Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, for supporting this study during data collection phase.
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Zeng, J., Roy, B., Kumar, D. et al. Proposing several hybrid PSO-extreme learning machine techniques to predict TBM performance. Engineering with Computers 38 (Suppl 5), 3811–3827 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01225-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01225-2