Abstract
Tree-walking tree transducers can be typechecked in double exponential time. More generally, compositions of k tree-walking tree transducers can be typechecked in (k + 1)-fold exponential time. Consequently k-pebble tree transducers, which form a model of XML transformations and XML queries, can be typechecked in (k + 2)-fold exponential time. The results hold for both ranked and unranked trees.
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Engelfriet, J. The time complexity of typechecking tree-walking tree transducers. Acta Informatica 46, 139–154 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-008-0087-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-008-0087-y