References
Alexandre P, Kyser K, Thomas D, Polito P, Marlat J (2009) Geochronology of unconformity-related uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada and their integration in the evolution of the basin. Mineral Deposita 44:41–59
Arkadakskiy S, Creaser R, Richards J, Hnatyshin D, Hardy L (2009) Re-Os dating of arsenopyrite from the Galena mine—evidence for Mesoproterozoic age of the Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization in the Coeur d’Alène district, Idaho. Geol Soc Am Abs Progs 41(7):83
Barra F (2005) Applications of the Re-Os isotopic system in the study of mineral deposits: geochronology and source of metals. PhD thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson, p 211
Barra F, Ruiz J, Mathur R, Titley S (2003) A Re–Os study of sulfide minerals from the Bagdad porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, northern Arizona, USA. Mineral Deposita 38:585–596
Barra F, Broughton D, Ruiz J, Hitzman M (2004) Multi-stage mineralization in the Zambian Copperbelt based on Re-Os isotope constraints. Geol Soc Am Abs Progs 36(5):516
Bartholomé P, Evrard P, Katekesha F, Lopez-Ruiz J, Ngongo M (1972) Diagenetic ore-forming processes at Kamoto, Katanga, Republic of the Congo. In: Amstutz GC, Bernard AJ (eds) Ores in sediments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 21–41
Brown AC (1981) The timing of mineralization in stratiform copper deposits. In: Wolf KH (ed) Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits, part III, Vol 9 Regional studies and specific deposits. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 1–23
Decrée S, Derloule E, De Putter T, Dewaele S, Mees F, Yans J, Marignac C (2011) SIMS U–Pb dating of uranium mineralization in the Katanga Copperbelt: constraints for the geodynamic context. Ore Geol Rev 40:81–89
Dewaele S, Muchez P, Vets J, Fernandez-Alonzo M, Tack L (2006) Multiphase origin of the Cu-Co ore deposits in the western part of the Lufilian fold-and-thrust belt, Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). J Afr Earth Sci 46:455–469
El Desouky HA, Muchez P, Boyce AJ, Schneider J, Cailteux JLH, Dewaele S, von Quadt A (2010) Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt mineralization at Luiswishi and Kamoto, Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo). Mineral Deposita 45:735–763
Fyson WK (1987) A succession of quartz veins in Archean metaturbidites, Yellowknife Bay, Slave Province. Can J Earth Sci 24:698–710
Gibson GM, Hutton LJ, Holzchuh J (2017) Basin inversion and supercontinent assembly as drivers of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization in the Mount Isa region, northern Australia. J Geol Soc Lond 174:773–786
Hitzman MW, Broughton DW (2017) Discussion: age of the Zambian Copperbelt. Miner Deposita
Hitzman M, Kirkham R, Broughton D, Thorson J, Selley D (2005) The sediment-hosted stratiform copper ore system. In: Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ, Richards JP (eds) Economic Geology one hundredth anniversary volume 1905–2005. Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, Colorado, pp 609–642
Hitzman MW, Broughton D, Selley D, Woodhead J, Wood D, Bull S (2012) The Central African Copperbelt: diverse stratigraphic, structural, and temporal settings in the world’s largest sedimentary copper district. In: Hedenquist JW, Harris M, Camus F (eds) Geology and genesis of major copper deposits and districts of the world: a tribute to Richard H. Sillitoe. Soc Econ Geol Spec Publ 16:487–514
Ludwig KR (2011) User’s manual for Isoplot 4.15: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Spec Publ 4:1–70
Mendelsohn F (1961) Ore genesis. Summary of the evidence. In: Mendelsohn F (ed) The geology of the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt. MacDonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd, London, pp 130–146
Muchez P, Vanderhaeghen P, El Desouky H, Schneider J, Boyce A, Dewaele S, Cailteaux J (2008) Anhydrite pseudomorphs and the origin of stratiform Cu–Co ores in the Katangan Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo). Mineral Deposita 43:575–589
Muchez P, André-Mayer AS, El Desouky EL, Reisberg L (2015) Diagenetic origin of the stratiform Cu-Co deposit at Kamoto in the Central African Copperbelt. Mineral Deposita 50:437–447
Muchez P, André-Mayer AS, Dewaele S, Large R (2017) Discussion: ‘Age of the Zambian Copperbelt’. Miner Deposita https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0758-0
Perelló J, Clifford JA, Creaser RA, Valencia VA (2015) An example of synorogenic sediment-hosted copper mineralization: geologic and geochronologic evidence from the Paleoproterozoic Nussir deposit, Finnmark, Arctic Norway. Econ Geol 110:677–689
Perelló J, Sillitoe RH, Yakubchuk AS, Valencia VA, Cornejo P (2017a) Age and tectonic setting of the Udokan sediment-hosted copper-silver deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia. Ore Geol Rev 86:856–866
Perelló J, Cornejo P, Wilton DHC, Creaser RA, Winter L, Smith R (2017b) Grenvillian age for the sediment-hosted Cu-Ag mineralization at Seal Lake, Labrador, Canada. In: Mineral resources to discover, SGA Biennial Meeting, 14th, Québec City, Proc, pp 1035–1038
Saintilan N, Creaser R, Bookstrom A (2017) Re-Os systematics and geochemistry of cobaltite (CoAsS) in the Idaho cobalt belt, Belt-Purcell Basin, USA: evidence for middle Mesoproterozoic sediment-hosted Co-Cu sulfide mineralization with Grenvillian and Cretaceous remobilization. Ore Geol Rev 86:509–525
Selley D, Broughton D, Scott R, Hitzman M, Bull S, Large R, McGoldrick P, Croaker M, Pollington N, Barra F (2005) A new look at the geology of the Zambian Copperbelt. In: Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ, Richards JP (eds) Economic Geology one hundredth anniversary volume 1905–2005. Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, Colorado, pp 965–1000
Sillitoe RH, Perelló J, García A (2010) Sulfide-bearing veinlets throughout the stratiform mineralization of the Central African Copperbelt: temporal and genetic implications. Econ Geol 105:1361–1368
Sillitoe RH, Perelló J, Creaser RA, Wilton J, Dawborn T (2015) Two ages of copper mineralization in the Mwombezhi dome, northwestern Zambia: metallogenic implications for the Central African Copperbelt. Econ Geol 110:1917–1923
Sillitoe RH, Perelló J, Creaser RA, Wilton J, Wilson AJ, Dawborn T (2017) Age of the Zambian Copperbelt. Mineral Deposita. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0726-8
Stein HJ (2014) Dating and tracing the history of ore formation. In: Scott SD (ed) Geochemistry of mineral deposits. Treatise Geochem (2nd ed) 13:87–118
Van Wilderode J, El Desouky HA, Elburg MA, Vanhaecke F, Muchez P (2014) Metal sources for the Katanga Copperbelt deposits (DRC): insights from Sr and Nd isotope ratios. Geol Belg 17:137–147
Van Wilderode J, El Desouky HA, Elburg MA, Vanhaecke F, Muchez P (2015) Metal sources for the Nkana and Konkola stratiform Cu–Co deposits (Zambian Copperbelt): insights from Sr and Nd isotope ratios. Ore Geol Rev 67:127–138
Wilkinson JJ, Vowles K, Muxworthy AR, Niocaill CM (2017) Regional remagnetization of Irish Carboniferous carbonates dates Variscan orogenesis, not Zn-Pb mineralization. Geology 45:747–750
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Editorial handling: B. Lehmann
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sillitoe, R.H., Perelló, J., Creaser, R.A. et al. Reply to discussions of “Age of the Zambian Copperbelt” by Hitzman and Broughton and Muchez et al.. Miner Deposita 52, 1277–1281 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0769-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0769-x