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2-D DOA Estimation Algorithm for Three-Parallel Co-prime Arrays via Spatial–Temporal Processing

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Abstract

In this paper, we present an underdetermined estimation algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival (DOA) based on three-parallel co-prime arrays. By exploiting the correlation among the received signals in both the time and spatial domains, a conjugate augmented spatial–temporal virtual array is constructed, which significantly increases the degrees of freedom (DOF) and expands the array aperture, effectively filling the holes within the physical array. By vectorizing the covariance matrix obtained from the spatial–temporal virtual array, we can transform the 2-D DOA estimation problem into a one-dimensional (1-D) sparse recovery problem. Thereafter, the excellent gridless methods: sparse and parametric approach (SPA) and the matrix pencil and pairing (MAPP), are adopted to efficiently resolve the 1-D sparse recovery problem, enabling the automatic pairing of the 2-D angles. And simulation results are provided to validate the enhanced accuracy of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other existing methods.

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The data included in this study may be available upon reasonable request by contacting with the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. LY23F010003, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62001256, the Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo City under Grant 2022Z207 and the Student Research and Innovation Program (SRIP) of Ningbo University under Grant No. 2023SRIP1317.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China

    Zhou Yu, Weiyue Liu, Hua Chen, Longsheng Jin, Gaoming Xu & Juan Liu

  2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China

    Hua Chen

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  1. Zhou Yu
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  2. Weiyue Liu
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  3. Hua Chen
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  4. Longsheng Jin
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  5. Gaoming Xu
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  6. Juan Liu
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Correspondence to Weiyue Liu or Hua Chen.

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Yu, Z., Liu, W., Chen, H. et al. 2-D DOA Estimation Algorithm for Three-Parallel Co-prime Arrays via Spatial–Temporal Processing. Circuits Syst Signal Process 43, 3996–4009 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-024-02629-x

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