Abstract
With the rapid development of deep learning technology, an increasing number of people are adopting palmprint recognition algorithms based on deep learning for identity authentication. However, these algorithms are susceptible to factors such as palm placement, light source, and insufficient data sampling, resulting in poor recognition accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new end-to-end deep palmprint recognition algorithm (SSLAUL), which introduces self-supervised representation learning based on contextual prediction, utilizing unlabeled palmprint data for pre-training before introducing the trained parameters into the downstream model for fine-tuning. An uncertainty loss function is introduced into the downstream model, using the homoskedastic uncertainty as a benchmark to do adaptive weight adjustment for different loss functions dynamically. Channel and spatial attention mechanisms are also introduced to extract highly discriminative local features. In this paper, the algorithm is validated on publicly available IITD, CASIA, and PolyU palmprint datasets. The method always achieves the best recognition performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All datasets used in this study are covered in Sect. 4.2, and corresponding public access websites are provided in the references.
References
Xu, Y., Fei, L.K., Wen, J., et al.: Discriminative and robust competitive code for palmprint recognition. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Syst. 48(2), 232–241 (2018)
Zheng, Q., Kumar, A., Pan, G.: A 3D feature descriptor recovered from a single 2D palmprint image[J]. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(6), 1272–1279 (2016)
Fei, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, W., et al.: Local apparent and latent direction extraction for palmprint recognition[J]. Inf. Sci. 473, 59–72 (2019)
Jia, W., Hu, R.X., Lei, Y.K., et al.: Histogram of oriented lines for palmprint recognition[J]. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Syst. 44(3), 385–395 (2013)
Zhao, S., Zhang, B., Chen, C.L.P.: Joint deep convolutional feature representation for hyperspectral palmprint recognition[J]. Inf. Sci. 489, 167–181 (2019)
Fei, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., et al.: Learning compact multifeature codes for palmprint recognition from a single training image per palm[J]. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 23, 2930–2942 (2020)
Jain, A.K., Feng, J.: Latent palmprint matching[J]. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(6), 1032–1047 (2008)
Doersch, C., Gupta, A., Efros, A.A. Unsupervised visual representation learning by context prediction[C]. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision. 2015: 1422–1430
Kendall, A., Gal, Y., Cipolla, R.: Multi-task learning using uncertainty to weigh losses for scene geometry and semantics. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp 7482–7491. (2018)
Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, J.Y., et al.: Cbam: Convolutional block attention module. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV). pp 3–19. (2018)
Dian, L., Dongmei, S.: Contactless palmprint recognition based on convolutional neural network. In: 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP). IEEE, pp: 1363–1367. (2016)
Tan, M., Le, Q.: Efficientnet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. In: International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 6105–6114. (2019)
Sun, Q., Zhang, J., Yang, A., et al.: Palmprint recognition with deep convolutional features. In: Advances in Image and Graphics Technologies: 12th Chinese conference, IGTA 2017, Beijing, China, June 30–July 1, 2017, Revised Selected Papers 12. Springer Singapore, pp 12-19 (2018)
Bao, X., Guo, Z.: Extracting region of interest for palmprint by convolutional neural networks. In: 2016 Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, pp 1–6. (2016)
Izadpanahkakhk, M., Razavi, S.M., Taghipour-Gorjikolaie, M., et al.: Deep region of interest and feature extraction models for palmprint verification using convolutional neural networks transfer learning[J]. Appl. Sci. 8(7), 1210 (2018)
Wang, G., Kang, W., Wu, Q., et al.: Generative adversarial network (GAN) based data augmentation for palmprint recognition. In: 2018 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). IEEE, pp 1–7. (2018)
Zhong, D., Zhu, J.: Centralized large margin cosine loss for open-set deep palmprint recognition[J]. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 30(6), 1559–1568 (2019)
Zhu, J., Zhong, D., Luo, K.: Boosting unconstrained palmprint recognition with adversarial metric learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science 2(4), 388–398 (2020)
Chen, T., Kornblith, S., Norouzi, M., et al.: A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations. In: International conference on machine learning. PMLR, pp 1597–1607. (2020)
Su, J.C., Maji, S., Hariharan, B.: When does self-supervision improve few-shot learning? In: European conference on computer vision. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp 645–666. (2020)
Gidaris, S., Singh, P., Komodakis, N.: Unsupervised representation learning by predicting image rotations[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.07728, 2018
Noroozi, M., Favaro, P.: Unsupervised learning of visual representations by solving jigsaw puzzles. In: European conference on computer vision. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp 69–84. (2016)
Pathak, D., Krahenbuhl, P., Donahue, J. et al.: Context encoders: Feature learning by inpainting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp 2536–2544. (2016)
Wen, Y., Zhang, K., Li, Z., et al.: A discriminative feature learning approach for deep face recognition. In: Computer Vision–ECCV 2016: 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 11–14, 2016, Proceedings, Part VII 14. Springer International Publishing, pp 499-515. (2016)
Deng, J., Guo, J., Xue, N., et al.: Arcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp 4690–4699. (2019)
Nanda, A., Im, W., Choi, K.S., et al.: Combined center dispersion loss function for deep facial expression recognition[J]. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 141, 8–15 (2021)
Hu, J., Shen, L., Sun, G.: Squeeze-and-excitation networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. pp 7132–7141. (2018)
Kumar, A.: Incorporating cohort information for reliable palmprint authentication. In: 2008 Sixth Indian conference on computer vision, graphics & image processing. IEEE, pp 583–590. (2008)
Sun, Z., Tan, T., Wang, Y., et al.: Ordinal palmprint represention for personal identification [represention read representation]. In: 2005 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR'05). IEEE, 1: 279-284. (2005)
GPDS Palmprint Database. Accessed: May 8, 2018. [Online]. Available:http://www.gpds.ulpgc.es
Zhang, L., Li, L., Yang, A., et al.: Towards contactless palmprint recognition: A novel device, a new benchmark, and a collaborative representation based identification approach[J]. Pattern Recogn. 69, 199–212 (2017)
Zhang, D., Guo, Z., Lu, G., et al.: An online system of multispectral palmprint verification[J]. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(2), 480–490 (2009)
Zhang, D., Guo, Z., Lu, G., Zhang, L., Zuo, W.: An online system of multispectral palmprint verification. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(2), 480–490 (2010)
Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: 2005 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR'05). IEEE, 1: 886-893. (2005)
Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., Harwood, D.: Performance evaluation of texture measures with classification based on Kullback discrimination of distributions. In: Proceedings of 12th international conference on pattern recognition. IEEE, 1: 582-585. (1994)
Ojansivu, V., Heikkilä, J.: Blur insensitive texture classification using local phase quantization[C]//Image and Signal Processing: 3rd International Conference, ICISP 2008. Cherbourg-Octeville, France, July 1-3, 2008. Proceedings 3. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 236-243. (2008)
Ojansivu, V., Rahtu, E., Heikkila, J.: Rotation invariant local phase quantization for blur insensitive texture analysis. In: 2008 19th International conference on pattern recognition. IEEE, pp 1–4. (2008)
Kong, W.K., Zhang, D., Li, W.: Palmprint feature extraction using 2-D Gabor filters[J]. Pattern Recogn. 36(10), 2339–2347 (2003)
Vu, N.S., Dee, H.M., Caplier, A.: Face recognition using the POEM descriptor[J]. Pattern Recogn. 45(7), 2478–2488 (2012)
Genovese, A., Piuri, V., Plataniotis, K.N., et al.: PalmNet: gabor-PCA convolutional networks for touchless palmprint recognition[J]. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 14(12), 3160–3174 (2019)
Matkowski, W.M., Chai, T., Kong, A.W.K.: Palmprint recognition in uncontrolled and uncooperative environment[J]. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 15, 1601–1615 (2019)
Zhao, S., Zhang, B.: Joint constrained least-square regression with deep convolutional feature for palmprint recognition[J]. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Syst. 52(1), 511–522 (2020)
Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang R, et al. Towards palmprint verification on smartphones[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13266, 2020.
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., et al.: Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE, pp 248–255. (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Rui Fan: Data analysis and Writing. Rui Fan: Formal analysis. Rui Fan: Validation. Rui Fan: Methodology. Xiaohong Han: Supervision. All authors reviewed the manuscript
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval
The datasets used in this article are all public datasets. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants prior to the enrollment (or for the publication) of this study (or case report).
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, R., Han, X. Deep palmprint recognition algorithm based on self-supervised learning and uncertainty loss. SIViP 18, 4661–4673 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03104-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-024-03104-5