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Artificial Intelligence-driven Digital Cytology-based Cervical Cancer Screening: Is the Time Ripe to Adopt This Disruptive Technology in Resource-constrained Settings? A Literature Review

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is still a public health scourge in the developing countries due to the lack of organized screening programs. Though liquid-based cytology methods improved the performance of cervical cytology, the interpretation still suffers from subjectivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have offered objectivity leading to better sensitivity and specificity of cervical cancer screening. Whole slide imaging (WSI) that converts a glass slide to a virtual slide provides a new perspective to the application of AI, especially for cervical cytology. In the recent years, there have been a few studies employing various AI algorithms on WSI images of conventional or LBC smears and demonstrating differing sensitivity/specificity or accuracy at detection of abnormalities in cervical smears. Considering the interest in AI-based screening modalities, this well-timed review intends to summarize the progress in this field while highlighting the research gaps and providing future research directions.

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Author notes

  1. Ruchika Gupta and Neeta Kumar have equal contribution.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cytopathology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida, 201301, India

    Ruchika Gupta, Shivani Bansal & Sanjay Gupta

  2. Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India

    Neeta Kumar

  3. Department of Pathology, Hindu Rao Hospital and North Delhi Medical College, Delhi, India

    Sompal Singh

  4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Neelam Sood

Authors
  1. Ruchika Gupta
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  2. Neeta Kumar
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  3. Shivani Bansal
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  4. Sompal Singh
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  6. Sanjay Gupta
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ruchika Gupta, Neeta Kumar, Sompal Singh, Neelam Sood, and Sanjay Gupta. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ruchika Gupta and Shivani Bansal, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sanjay Gupta.

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Gupta, R., Kumar, N., Bansal, S. et al. Artificial Intelligence-driven Digital Cytology-based Cervical Cancer Screening: Is the Time Ripe to Adopt This Disruptive Technology in Resource-constrained Settings? A Literature Review. J Digit Imaging 36, 1643–1652 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-023-00821-0

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